Mapping drought-induced changes in rice area in India

Gumma, M K and Nelson, A and Yamano, T (2019) Mapping drought-induced changes in rice area in India. International Journal of Remote Sensing (TSI), 40. pp. 8146-8173. ISSN 0143-1161

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Abstract

Rice is a staple food crop of India and is grown on 44 Mha (2011–12), 58.6% of which are irrigated. An inevitable phenomenon which looms over all aspects of human life and affects rice production in India is drought. Assessing drought damage using geospatial datasets available in the public domain, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), can provide specific and local ecoregion information for developing drought-resistant rice varieties. Based on multi-temporal NDVI data and field observations in 2009, we developed a methodology to identify and map drought-affected areas in India. A long-term (10-year) average of NDVI during the rainy (kharif) season (June–October) was compared with NDVI from a known drought year (2002–03) to identify changes in rice area. Rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission (TRMM) was used to support the drought analysis. Spectral matching techniques were used to categorise the drought-affected rice areas into three classes – severe, moderate, and mild based on the intensity of damage assessed through field sampling. Based on these ground survey samples, spectral signatures were generated. It was found that the rice area was about 16% less in the drought year (2002–03) than in a normal year (2000–01). A comparison of the MODIS-derived rice area affected by drought in 2002 for each state and district against the difference in the kharif season harvested rice area between 2000 and 2002 (from official statistics) revealed a substantial difference in harvested area in 2002 that was largely attributable to drought. An 84.7% correlation was found between the MODIS-derived drought-affected area in 2002 and the reduction in harvested area from 2000–01 to 2002–03. Good spatial correlation was found between the drought-affected rice areas and reduction of rice harvested areas in different rice ecologies, indicating the usefulness of such geospatial datasets in assessing abiotic stress such as drought and its consequences.

Item Type:	Article
Divisions:	Research Program : Innovation Systems for the Drylands (ISD)
CRP:	CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) CGIAR Research Program on Global Rice Science Partnership (GRiSP) CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals (GLDC)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Rice, India, Satellite imagery, drought mapping, drought susceptible regions, drylands, arid regions, rainfall data, drought classification, abiotic stress, Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission, TRMM, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, MODIS, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI
Subjects:	Others > Abiotic Stress Others > Rainfed Agriculture Others > Remote Sensing Others > GIS Techniques/Remote Sensing Others > Rice Others > Drought Others > Indian Agriculture Others > India
Depositing User:	Mr Ramesh K
Date Deposited:	29 Nov 2018 06:15
Last Modified:	20 Jun 2019 12:35
URI:	http://oar.icrisat.org/id/eprint/10974
Official URL:	https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01431...
Projects:	Stress-Tolerant Rice for Africa and South Asia (STRASA)
Funders:	Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Stress-Tolerant Rice for Africa and South Asia” (STRASA), CRP-GRISP and CRP-CCAFS
Acknowledgement:	This research was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation project “Stress-Tolerant Rice for Africa and South Asia” (STRASA), CRP-GRISP and CRP-CCAFS. We thank local partners (SR Das, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha, Naresh Gundapeka, ESI, Hyderabad) for their support in collecting ground survey data. The authors thank Ismail Abdul, David Mackill and Devendra Gauchan for their valuable feedback on early versions of the rice classification system. The first author would like to thank Anthony Whitbread, Research Program Director, ISD, ICRISAT, for the support provided in the final editing of the paper. We thank Dr Joy Burrough-Boenisch and Dr Smitha Sitaraman, ICRISAT science editor for language editing.
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