Thangi, D S (2025) Genomic data. In: Computational Intelligence for Genomics Data. Advances in Biomedical Informatics, 1 . Academic Press, pp. 3-16. ISBN 978-0-443-30080-6
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Genomics, the exploration of an organism’s entire DNA composition, has revolutionized biology by offering unprecedented insights into genome structure, function, and evolution. The emergence of high-throughput sequencing technologies has facilitated the generation of extensive genomic data, necessitating sophisticated analytical tools for meaningful extraction. The spectrum of genomic data includes DNA sequences, gene expression profiles, and epigenetic modifications. DNA sequencing technologies, exemplified by next-generation sequencing, have revolutionized the rapid and cost-effective sequencing of DNA. This encompasses various techniques like whole-genome sequencing, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. Single-Cell Sequencing enables the exploration of individual cells, unveiling insights into cellular heterogeneity within tissues. Functional genomics techniques, such as CRISPR-Cas9, offer targeted gene manipulation, unveiling the specific roles of genes in diverse biological processes. Third-generation sequencing enhances precision by generating massive datasets that faithfully capture the genetic code. Analyzing this vast genomic data involves employing sequence alignment and assembly algorithms. These tools aid in reconstructing entire genomes or pinpointing the genomic locations of specific sequences. Variant calling identifies genetic variations like single-nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions/deletions (indels). Transcriptomics, through RNA-Seq, quantifies gene expression levels, uncovers alternative splicing events, and detects novel transcripts, providing a dynamic portrayal of cellular processes. The study of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, offers insights into the regulatory mechanisms influencing gene expression. This chapter serves as the cornerstone for comprehending genomic data types, technologies, and analysis methods, showcasing their transformative impact on biological understanding and data interpretation.
| Item Type: | Book Section |
|---|---|
| Divisions: | Global Research Program - Accelerated Crop Improvement |
| CRP: | UNSPECIFIED |
| Series Name: | Advances in Biomedical Informatics |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Genomics, DNA sequences, gene expression profiles, epigenetic modifications, CRISPR-Cas9 |
| Subjects: | Others > Genetic Engineering Others > Genetics and Genomics |
| Depositing User: | Mr Nagaraju T |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Feb 2026 10:41 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Feb 2026 10:41 |
| URI: | http://oar.icrisat.org/id/eprint/13478 |
| Acknowledgement: | UNSPECIFIED |
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