The Energy – Groundwater Paradox in Indian Agriculture

Das, A and Kumar, S and Garg, K K (2025) The Energy – Groundwater Paradox in Indian Agriculture. Monograph. ICRISAT, Hyderabad.

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Global Research Program - Enabling Systems Transformation
Global Research Program - Resilient Farm and Food Systems

Additional Information

This work was supported by the CGIAR Policy Innovations Science Program for Food, Land, and Water system transformation through CGIAR Fund Donors and bilateral funding agreements, and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. The contents of this publication are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funders

Abstract

Groundwater underpins Indian agriculture, supporting the majority of irrigated area and enabling multiple cropping and farming systems, yield stability, and risk management in a highly variable monsoon environment. For millions of farmers, particularly in semi-arid and rainfed regions, access to groundwater has transformed agriculture from a single-season activity into a year-round livelihood strategy. At the same time, this growing dependence has increased vulnerability, as groundwater availability is finite, unevenly distributed, and under rising stress across large parts of the country.

Item Type:	Monograph (Monograph)
Divisions:	Global Research Program - Enabling Systems Transformation Global Research Program - Resilient Farm and Food Systems
CRP:	UNSPECIFIED
Series Name:	Policy Note
Uncontrolled Keywords:	groundwater, agriculture, irrigation, India
Subjects:	Others > Agriculture Others > Irrigation Others > India Others > Water Conservation
Depositing User:	Mr Nagaraju T
Date Deposited:	02 Feb 2026 03:48
Last Modified:	02 Feb 2026 03:48
URI:	http://oar.icrisat.org/id/eprint/13440
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