Behera, P P and Vishnumolakala, A and Mathew, A and Purohit, A and Kiranmayee, B and Sajja, S and Choudhary, S and Janila, P (2025) Rapid Generation Advancement (RGA) in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.): Challenges and Opportunities. In: Advances in Arachis through Genomics and Biotechnology (AAGB-2025), 23-25 March 2025, Novotel, Goa, India.
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Developing new crop cultivars requires production of homozygous lines following selffertilization for 4-5 generations after hybridization. Rapid Generation Advancement (RGA) or speed breeding reduces the breeding cycle time by faster seed-to-seed time, thus enhancing the rate of genetic gain. At ICRISAT, RGA protocol is standardized, optimized, and deployed in groundnut breeding to generate the homozygous lines; it used harvest of immature pods, drying at room temperature for five days, followed by excising the kernels from the pods and taking them for the next cycle of planting. The seed-to-seed time is reduced to 65-70 days in short duration (100-105 days) and about 75-80 days in medium-duration (~120 days) varieties. Optimization is done in planting trays (with rectangular cup size of 7.5 cm width at the top, 8.0 cm depth and 5.0 cm width at the bottom) filled with autoclaved (at 120 °C for 50 minutes) growing medium (red alluvial soil: sand; cocopeat; and vermicompost in 3:3:2:1 ratio) to which basal fertilisers of N, P2O5, and K2O were mixed. The RGA protocol at ICRISAT-Hyderabad (17.5178° N, 78.2790° E) conditions is standardized in a semi-controlled poly-house which is equipped with incandescent light bulb with tungsten filament that are used in December and January in the morning and evening to increase the light intensity (>600 μmol/m²/s), and water coolers that are used in April and May to bring down the temperature by 50C to 35-370C. The RGA protocol is successfully deployed in groundnut breeding at ICRISAT to turn around 10% of the populations from F2 to F3 and F3 to F4. However, the key challenge with the current protocol is scalability as it requires careful excision of kernels from immature pods. So, to facilitate easy excision of the kernels, the harvest must be delayed thus increasing the seed-to-seed time by 15-20 days. Experiments are ongoing to reduce the pod filling duration with different photoperiod lengths (10-18 hours) and light intensity levels (600 and 800 μmol/m²/s). RGA is amenable to the single-seed descent (SSD) method of breeding used in groundnut breeding and when combined with Genomic Selection (GS), it will be valuable in strengthening genetic gain by faster recycling of the parents and optimizing the resources.
| Item Type: | Conference or Workshop Item (Speech) |
|---|---|
| Divisions: | Global Research Program - Accelerated Crop Improvement Research Program : Asia |
| CRP: | UNSPECIFIED |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Groundnut, Rapid generation advancement, Genetic gain, Photoperiod |
| Subjects: | Mandate crops > Groundnut Others > Genetics and Genomics |
| Depositing User: | Mr Nagaraju T |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Jul 2025 05:55 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Jul 2025 05:55 |
| URI: | http://oar.icrisat.org/id/eprint/13189 |
| Acknowledgement: | UNSPECIFIED |
| Links: | |
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