Pasumarthi, R and Rao, P S and Gopalakrishnan, S and UNSPECIFIED (2023) Cultivation of sweet sorghum on heavy metal-contaminated soils by phytoremediation approach for production of bioethanol. In: Bioremediation and Bioeconomy. A Circular Economy Approach, II . Elsevier, pp. 339-368. ISBN 978-0-443-16120-9
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The term heavy metals (HMs) has a wide range of meanings, and there has been no consistent definition by any authoritative body such as the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) over the past 60years (Duffus, 2002). However, over the past two decades, this term has been used by numerous publications and legislations for indicating a group name for metals or semi-metals that cause toxicity to humans, plants, and animals and ecotoxicity. Though the imprecise term is defined by several researchers at various levels including density, atomic number, atomic weight, chemical properties, and toxicity, there is no connectivity between these properties. For instance, Koller and Saleh (2018) stated that HMs are elements having an atomic number greater than 20 and atomic density above 5gcm -3 and exhibit properties of metals. HMs have been in use by human beings for several hundred years. Recalcitrance in environment, toxicity, and bioaccumulative nature of HMs have proven them to be environmental pollutants (Ali et al., 2019). Lead has been used in water pipes and pigments for glazing ceramics. Mercury was reported to be used as infant’s teething pain killer and was also used as medicine for Syphilis by Romans. Cadmium is majorly used in rechargeable batteries, which were discarded along with household wastes (Jarup, 2003). As this chapter deals with bioremediation aspects, HMs causing human and ecotoxic effects were considered further. Three kinds of HMs are of concern, including toxic metals (Hg, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, As, Co, Sn, etc.), precious metals (Pd, Pt, Ag, Au, Ru, etc.), and radionuclides (U, Th, Ra, Am, etc.) (Wang and Chen, 2006).
| Item Type: | Book Section |
|---|---|
| Divisions: | Global Research Program - Accelerated Crop Improvement Research Program : Asia |
| CRP: | UNSPECIFIED |
| Series Name: | A Circular Economy Approach |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | agriculture, soil, sorghum, energy, sweet sorghum, bioethanol, cultivation, Sorghum |
| Subjects: | Others > Agriculture Others > Biofuels Others > Soil Mandate crops > Sorghum |
| Depositing User: | Mr Nagaraju T |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Nov 2023 10:18 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Nov 2023 10:18 |
| URI: | http://oar.icrisat.org/id/eprint/12296 |
| Acknowledgement: | UNSPECIFIED |
| Links: | |
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