Biogenic link to the recent increase in atmospheric methane over India

Singh, A and Kuttippurath, J and Abbhishek, K and Mallick, N and Raj, S and Chander, G and Dixit, S (2021) Biogenic link to the recent increase in atmospheric methane over India. Journal of Environmental Management, 289. pp. 1-10. ISSN 0301-4797

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Abstract

Methane (CH4) is a prominent Greenhouse Gas (GHG) and its global atmospheric concentration has increased significantly since the year 2007. Anthropogenic CH4 emissions are projected to be 9390 million metric tonnes by 2020. Here, we present the long–term changes in atmospheric methane over India and suggest possible alternatives to reduce soil emissions from paddy fields. The increase in atmospheric CH4 concentrations from 2009 to 2020 in India is significant, about 0.0765 ppm/decade. The Indo-Gangetic Plains, Peninsular India and Central India show about 0.075, 0.076 and 0.074 ppm/decade, respectively, in 2009–2020. Seasonal variations in CH4 emissions depend mostly on agricultural activities and meteorology, and contribution during the agricultural intensive period of Kharif–Rabi (i.e., June–December) is substantial in this regard. The primary reason for agricultural soil emissions is the application of chemical fertilizers to improve crop yield. However, for rice farming, soil amendments involving stable forms of carbon can reduce GHG emissions and improve soil carbon status. High crop production in pot culture experiment resulted in lower potential yield–scaled GHG emissions in rice with biochar supplement. The human impact of global warming induced by agricultural activities could be reduced by using biochar as a natural solution.

Item Type:	Article
Divisions:	Global Research Program - Resilient Farm and Food Systems
CRP:	UNSPECIFIED
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Atmospheric methane, GHG Mitigation, Rice farming, Indian agriculture
Subjects:	Others > Agriculture Others > Climate Change
Depositing User:	Mr Arun S
Date Deposited:	25 Oct 2021 08:40
Last Modified:	28 Oct 2021 06:27
URI:	http://oar.icrisat.org/id/eprint/11907
Official URL:	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112526
Projects:	UNSPECIFIED
Funders:	UNSPECIFIED
Acknowledgement:	We thank the Head, CORAL and AgFE; and the Director, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Ministry of Education (MoE); Naval Research Board (OEP), D´efense Research Development Organization; Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) Hyderabad (O–MASCOT project) and Ministry of Earth Science (MoES) for facilitating and funding the study. AS, KA and SR thank MoE, Government of India for their fellowship. We also thank all the data managers and the scientists who made available those data for this study. We thank IMD (India Meteorological Department/MoES) for precipitation and temperature data. The MODIS datasets were acquired from the Level–3 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC), located in the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland (https://ladsweb.nascom.nasa. gov/). We also acknowledge Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, India; Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, India; Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, India for the agricultural, livestock and gas and oil statistical data. We would like to thank the entire GOSAT team for their dedicated and continuous efforts in producing the data for all these years. We acknowledge the assistance provided by the International Crops Research Institute for Semiarid Tropics (ICRISAT) and ICRISAT Development Centre (IDC) for providing all required experimental facilities.
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