Advances in Crop Improvement and Delivery Research for Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Ojiewo, C O and Janila, P and Bhatnagar-Mathur, P and Pandey, M K and Desmae, H and Okori, P and Mwololo, J K and Ajeigbe, H A and Njuguna-Mungai, E and Muricho, G and Akpo, E and Gichohi-Wainaina, W N and Variath, M T and Radhakrishnan, T and Dobariya, K L and Bera, S K and Rathnakumar, A L and Manivannan, N and Vasanthi, R P and Kumar, M V N and Varshney, R K (2020) Advances in Crop Improvement and Delivery Research for Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Frontiers in Plant Science (TSI), 11. pp. 1-15. ISSN 1664-462X

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Abstract

Groundnut is an important global food and oil crop that underpins agriculture-dependent livelihood strategies meeting food, nutrition, and income security. Aflatoxins, pose a major challenge to increased competitiveness of groundnut limiting access to lucrative markets and affecting populations that consume it. Other drivers of low competitiveness include allergens and limited shelf life occasioned by low oleic acid profile in the oil. Thus grain off-takers such as consumers, domestic, and export markets as well as processors need solutions to increase profitability of the grain. There are some technological solutions to these challenges and this review paper highlights advances in crop improvement to enhance groundnut grain quality and nutrient profile for food, nutrition, and economic benefits. Significant advances have been made in setting the stage for marker-assisted allele pyramiding for different aflatoxin resistance mechanisms—in vitro seed colonization, pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination, and aflatoxin production—which, together with pre- and post-harvest management practices, will go a long way in mitigating the aflatoxin menace. A breakthrough in aflatoxin control is in sight with overexpression of antifungal plant defensins, and through host-induced gene silencing in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. Similarly, genomic and biochemical approaches to allergen control are in good progress, with the identification of homologs of the allergen encoding genes and development of monoclonal antibody based ELISA protocol to screen for and quantify major allergens. Double mutation of the allotetraploid homeologous genes, FAD2A and FAD2B, has shown potential for achieving >75% oleic acid as demonstrated among introgression lines. Significant advances have been made in seed systems research to bridge the gap between trait discovery, deployment, and delivery through innovative partnerships and action learning.

Item Type:	Article
Divisions:	Research Program : East & Southern Africa Research Program : Genetic Gains Research Program : West & Central Africa
CRP:	CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals (GLDC)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Aflatoxin, Allergens, Arachis hypogaea, Crop improvement, Groundnut, Oleic acid, Science of delivery
Subjects:	Mandate crops > Groundnut Others > Food and Nutrition Others > Legume Crops Others > Aflatoxins
Depositing User:	Mr Arun S
Date Deposited:	13 Mar 2020 09:47
Last Modified:	13 Mar 2020 10:44
URI:	http://oar.icrisat.org/id/eprint/11392
Official URL:	https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00029
Projects:	UNSPECIFIED
Funders:	UNSPECIFIED
Acknowledgement:	The funding support for this study was received from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (fund number OPP1114827), National Mission on Oilseeds and Oilpalm (NMOOP), Department of Agriculture and Co-operation (DoAC), Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, Biotechnology (DBT) of Government of India; National Agricultural Science Fund (NASF) of Indian Council of Agricultural Research and MARS Wrigley, USA. The work reported in this article was undertaken as a part of the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals (GLDC). ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR.
Links:	Google Scholar

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