Biotechnological Perspective of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Mediated Stress Tolerance in Plants

Chakradhar, T and Mahanty, S and Reddy, R A and Divya, K and Reddy, P S (2017) Biotechnological Perspective of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Mediated Stress Tolerance in Plants. In: Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Systems in Plants: Role and Regulation under Abiotic Stress. Springer, Singapore, pp. 53-87. ISBN 978-981-10-5253-8

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Abstract

All environmental cues lead to develop secondary stress conditions like osmotic and oxidative stress conditions that reduces average crop yields by more than 50% every year. The univalent reduction of molecular oxygen (O2) in metabolic reactions consequently produces superoxide anions (O2•−) and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) ubiquitously in all compartments of the cell that disturbs redox potential and causes threat to cellular organelles. The production of ROS further increases under stress conditions and especially in combination with high light intensity. Plants have evolved different strategies to minimize the accumulation of excess ROS like avoidance mechanisms such as physiological adaptation, efficient photosystems such as C4 or CAM metabolism and scavenging mechanisms through production of antioxidants and antioxidative enzymes. Ascorbate-glutathione pathway plays an important role in detoxifying excess ROS in plant cells, which includes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in detoxifying O2•−radical and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) respectively, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) involved in recycling of reduced substrates such as ascorbate and glutathione. Efficient ROS management is one of the strategies used by tolerant plants to survive and perform cellular activities under stress conditions. The present chapter describes different sites of ROS generation and and their consequences under abiotic stress conditions and also described the approaches to overcome oxidative stress through genomics and genetic engineering.

Item Type:	Book Section
Divisions:	Research Program : Genetic Gains
CRP:	UNSPECIFIED
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Ascorbate-glutathione cycle, Abiotic stress, Oxidative stress, Reactive oxygen species, Stress Tolerance in Plants, Genomics, Genetic engineering
Subjects:	Others > Genetic Engineering Others > Genetics and Genomics
Depositing User:	Mr Ramesh K
Date Deposited:	09 Aug 2017 09:41
Last Modified:	15 Jun 2018 08:00
URI:	http://oar.icrisat.org/id/eprint/10143
Acknowledgement:	PSR acknowledges the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, for the fellowship and research grant through the INSPIRE Faculty Award and Young Scientist Scheme.
Links:	Google Scholar

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