"9966","13","archive","1305",,,"disk0/00/00/99/66","2017-04-18 08:30:53","2017-09-06 08:28:05","2017-04-18 08:30:53","article",,,"show","Library-ICRISAT@CGIAR.ORG",,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,"Mujuka","E A","","","","","","","Affognon","H D","","","","",,,,,"","",,,,,"","","Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nairobi (Nairobi)","Kenya","Returns to research and outreach for integrated pest management of western flower thrips infesting French bean and tomato in Kenya","pub","s2.7","CRPS1","crp1.5","restricted",,,"Integrated pest management, economic surplus model, thrips, Kenya, French bean, IPM",,"This study was funded by BMZ (the German
FederalMinistry for Economic Cooperation and Development)
through the GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft
für Internationale Zusammenarbeit) funded project
entitled ‘Implementation of integrated thrips and
tospovirus management strategies in smallholder
vegetable cropping systems of Eastern Africa’
(Project no. 11.7860.7-001.00, contract no. 81141840).
We also gratefully acknowledge core support to
icipe, Kenya provided by UK Aid from the UK
Government, Swedish International Development
Cooperation Agency (Sida), the Swiss Agency for
Development and Cooperation (SDC), Federal Ministry
for Economic Cooperation and Development
(BMZ), Germany and the Kenyan Government. The
views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the
official opinion of the donors. We are also indebted
to our project colleagues, Patrick Onchieku, Jane
Maundu, Josephine Simiyu, Jacqueline Oseko and
Wilfred Yako for supporting this study with data
and for valuable discussions.We appreciate the staff
members that were involved in this study from
the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries
(MOALF) and the Kenya Agricultural & Livestock
Research Organization (KALRO).","Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a major invasive pest that causes extensive yield losses in French bean and tomato in Kenya. Thrips management is based on the application of pesticides. In addition to increased environmental risks associated with pesticides, frequent use of these chemicals increases production costs and pesticide resistance. Furthermore, exports are restricted due to non-compliance to maximum residue levels in important consumer export markets, especially the European Union (EU). This study was conducted to estimate the potential benefits of the effectiveness of the icipe-developed strategy for control of western flower thrips before dissemination of the technology in Kenya, using the economic surplus model. We calculated the benefit–cost ratio, the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) using Cost–Benefit Analysis (CBA). Assuming a maximum conservative adoption rate of 1% and a 10% discount rate for the base deterministic scenario, the NPV of the research was estimated at US$2.2 million, with an IRR of 23% and a BCR of 2.46. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the NPV, IRR and BCR increased at an increasing rate as adoption rates increased. However, as elasticities of supply and demand increased, the NPV, IRR and BCR increased at a decreasing rate. The findings demonstrate that farmers from developing countries can gain when they obtain access to suitable pest management innovations such as integrated pest management technologies. Consequently, investment in IPM technologies for suppression of western flower thrips should be enhanced.","2017-03","published",,"International Journal of Tropical Insect Science",,,"Cambridge University Press",,"1-11",,,,,,"10.1017/S1742758417000029",,,,,"TRUE",,"1742-7584",,,,,,"","http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1742758417000029","https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=Returns+to+research+and+outreach+for+integrated+pest+management+of+western+flower+thrips+infesting+French+bean+and+tomato+in+Kenya&btnG=&hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,,,,
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