eprintid: 9890
rev_number: 15
eprint_status: archive
userid: 1305
dir: disk0/00/00/98/90
datestamp: 2017-02-22 04:57:06
lastmod: 2017-02-22 05:14:17
status_changed: 2017-02-22 04:57:06
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
contact_email: Library-ICRISAT@CGIAR.ORG
creators_name: Njoroge, S M C
creators_name: Matumba, L
creators_name: Kanenga, K
creators_name: Siambi, M
creators_name: Waliyar, F
creators_name: Maruwo, J
creators_name: Machinjiri, N
creators_name: Monyo, E S
icrisatcreators_name: Njoroge, S M C
icrisatcreators_name: Siambi, M
icrisatcreators_name: Waliyar, F
icrisatcreators_name: Maruwo, J
icrisatcreators_name: Machinjiri, N
icrisatcreators_name: Monyo, E S
affiliation: ICRISAT (Lilongwe)
affiliation: Food Technology and Nutrition Group, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (NRC Campus) (Lilongwe)
affiliation: Zambia Agriculture Research Institute (Chipata)
affiliation: ICRISAT (Nairobi)
affiliation: ICRISAT (Patancheru)
country: Malawi
country: Zambia
country: Kenya
country: India
title: Aflatoxin B1 levels in groundnut products from local markets in Zambia
ispublished: pub
subjects: Zam1
subjects: s1.3
subjects: s40051
subjects: s4010
divisions: CRPS5
crps: crp1.15
crps: crp1.5
full_text_status: restricted
keywords: Food safety, Aflatoxin, Groundnut, Survey, Sub-Saharan Africa
note: We thank Willard Sinkala (Zambia Agriculture
Research Institute-ZARI), Griven Phiri (ZARI) and Enock Musukwa
(ZARI) for technical support. We also thank Ishrad Mohammed
(ICRISAT-India) for generating GIS maps. This research was funded by
USAID Feed the Future project on Aflatoxin Mitigation in Zambia, grant
number EEM-G-00-04-0003-00 modification # 11/12. The study was
carried out as part of CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and also as part of CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health.
abstract: In Zambia, groundnut products (milled groundnut powder, groundnut kernels) are mostly sold in under-regulated markets. Coupled with the lack of quality enforcement in such markets, consumers may be at risk to aflatoxin exposure. However, the level of aflatoxin contamination in these products is not known. Compared to groundnut kernels, milled groundnut powder obscures visual indicators of aflatoxin contamination in groundnuts such as moldiness, discoloration, insect damage or kernel damage. A survey was therefore conducted from 2012 to 2014, to estimate and compare aflatoxin levels in these products (n = 202), purchased from markets in important groundnut growing districts and in urban areas. Samples of whole groundnut kernels (n = 163) and milled groundnut powder (n = 39) were analysed for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Results showed substantial AFB1 contamination levels in both types of groundnut products with maximum AFB1 levels of 11,100 μg/kg (groundnut kernels) and 3000 μg/kg (milled groundnut powder). However, paired t test analysis showed that AFB1 contamination levels in milled groundnut powder were not always significantly higher (P > 0.05) than those in groundnut kernels. Even for products from the same vendor, AFB1 levels were not consistently higher in milled groundnut powder than in whole groundnut kernels. This suggests that vendors do not systematically sort out whole groundnut kernels of visually poor quality for milling. However, the overall contamination levels of groundnut products with AFB1 were found to be alarmingly high in all years and locations. Therefore, solutions are needed to reduce aflatoxin levels in such under-regulated markets.
date: 2017-01
date_type: published
publication: Mycotoxin Research
publisher: Springer
pagerange: 1-7
id_number: 10.1007/s12550-017-0270-5
refereed: TRUE
issn: 0178-7888
official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12550-017-0270-5
related_url_url: https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?hl=en&q=Aflatoxin+B1+levels+in+groundnut+products+from+local+markets+in+Zambia&btnG=
related_url_type: pub
funders: USAID Feed the Future project on Aflatoxin Mitigation in Zambia
citation:   Njoroge, S M C and Matumba, L and Kanenga, K and Siambi, M and Waliyar, F and Maruwo, J and Machinjiri, N and Monyo, E S  (2017) Aflatoxin B1 levels in groundnut products from local markets in Zambia.  Mycotoxin Research.  pp. 1-7.  ISSN 0178-7888     
document_url: http://oar.icrisat.org/9890/1/Njoroge%20et%20al%202017.pdf