OAR@ICRISATMission India for Transforming Agriculture (MITrA),Research Report IDC-4S PWaniauthorDBergvinsonauthorK VRajuauthorP MGaurauthorR KVarshneyauthorHumankind’s biggest challenge in the 21st century is to ensure food and nutritional security for the growing population and improved livelihoods for smallholder farmers. World population is estimated to swell to 9.3 billion by 2050. India has to feed 1.4 billion people by 2025 and water demand for food production will increase dramatically. This challenge becomes increasingly acute in light of the depleting water resources (5177 m3 in 1951 to 1545 m3 in 2011), degrading land and increasingly variable weather associated with climate change. The Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India has taken a novel initiative to transform agriculture in India as part of the Digital India program by transforming the rural economy and creating skilled jobs in rural areas. The Government of India has initiated various innovative schemes to enhance food production and to mitigate impacts of climate change. At the request of the Prime Minister’s Office, Government of India, to prepare a long-term strategy to increase economic opportunities for rural families in India, the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)1 has prepared a set of six strategy papers: 1) Pulses2 2) PMKSY3) Soil Mapping4) Agri Markets5) Crop Insurance6 and 6) Digital Agriculture. The draft versions, based on the PMO request, were discussed with the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India7 and its senior officers made detailed suggestions to refine and strengthen these papers. This summary, elaborated in the following sections and the set of strategy papers, attached separately, incorporate the suggestions made by the Ministry officials and other leading sector-specialists from India.Agriculture-Farming, Production, Technology, EconomicsIndian Agriculture2016ICRISATMonograph

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