Bhoo Samruddhi : A Compendium of Success Stories, Research Report IDC-2S PWaniauthorK HAnanthaauthorB KDharmarajanauthorKKrishnappaauthorAcross the world, rainfed areas are hotspots of poverty, malnutrition and degradation of natural resources. In India, of 142 m ha of arable lands, 60% is rainfed. Karnataka has the second largest area under rainfed agriculture only after Rajasthan in the country. Farmers’ crop yields in dryland areas are quite low (1.0 -1.5 t ha-1), about two to five times below potential yield. Recent findings from the ‘Comprehensive Assessment of Water for Food and Water for Life’ revealed that the millennium development goal of reducing the number of poor people by half can be met only through efficient use of scarce water resources for agriculture. Food production can be increased substantially in rainfed areas by applying enhanced water use efficiency measures, improving soil health status, and implementing other new technologies in an integrated approach. It is evident that the vast potential of rainfed agriculture can be unlocked by using available scientific technologies including improved cultivars. Recognizing the problem, the Department of Agriculture (DoA), Government of Karnataka (GoK), has adopted science-led initiatives for achieving impact oriented development in the state. In this endeavor, it has sought to bring in international expertise to unlock the potential of rainfed agriculture in the state. Bhoochetana, the farmer-centric initiative taken up by GoK has benefited more than 4.3 million farm households in the state. In addition, the government has initiated a number of innovative measures to improve agricultural production and livelihood of farmers in the state during the last four years. Realizing high impacts in terms of increased agricultural productivity, increased gross value of agriculture production and improved livelihoods, the state government requested ICRISAT to lead a consortium of CGIAR institutions working in India, and to operationalize impact oriented research for development with the aim of improving rural livelihoods. The ICRISAT-led consortium took up this challenge and established a “proof of concept” for translating strategic research knowledge into improving livelihoods through scaling up of the participatory research for development (PR4D) model. A number of meetings and stakeholder consultations were held to identify constraints and problems of all four pilot locations, and the project was begun in 2013-14...AgricultureBhoosamrudhiKarnataka2015ICRISATMonograph