@article{icrisat8933,
            year = {2015},
           title = {Soil Fertility Mapping using GIS in Three Agro-climatic Zones of Belgaum District, Karnataka},
          volume = {63},
          number = {2},
           pages = {173--180},
          author = {K Prabhavati and D S Dasog and P L Patil and K L Sahrawat and S P Wani},
       publisher = {Indian Society of Soil Science - ICAR},
         journal = {Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science},
             url = {http://oar.icrisat.org/8933/},
        abstract = {Soil fertility parameters viz., pH, electrical conductivity (EC), available macro- and micronutrients were determined in soil samples drawn at 300 m grid intervals from three micro-watersheds representing northern dry zone (zone-3), northern transition zone (zone-8) and hilly zone (zone-9) across a climatic gradient in Belgaum district of Karnataka. Based on the data maps were prepared in GIS environment using Arc GIS v 10.0. The soil fertility parameters clearly reflect the agro-climatic conditions under which the soils are formed. Soils of zone-3 were alkaline (pH{\ensuremath{>}} 8.5), soils of zone-8 slightly alkaline (7.0-8.5) and those of zone-9 slightly acidic (5.5-6.5). Whereas carbon and available nitrogen (N) in soils of both zone-3 and zone-8 were low, organic carbon (OC) was high (6.9 g kg-1) but the available N was medium (412 kg ha-1) in soils of zone-9. Available phosphorus (P) remained low in zones-3 and zone-8 but was marginally medium in zone-9. The available potassium (K) status of zone-3 soils was high (401 kg ha-1) but was medium in zone-8 and zone-9. Available sulphur (S) was low, DTPA extractable Zn and Fe was deficient, and Mn and Cu was sufficient in soils of both zone-3 and zone-8. In zone-9, however, available S and Zn were marginally sufficient but Fe, Mn and Cu were distinctly sufficient. In conformity with mean values described above, OC, available N, P, S and Zn were low (100\% area for each) and available K was high in 91.2\% area in soils of zone-3. Similarly for zone-8, OC and available N was low in 2/3 of area, available P was low in 76.5\% area, available K was medium in 92.0\% area, and low in available S (10\%), deficient in Zn (99.1\% area) and Fe (100\% area). In agreement with means a large area under high OC (66.2\%) and medium in available N (81.2\%) and low in P (71.7\%) was reflected in maps of zone-9. However, available K, S and Zn were distributed equally between low and medium classes despite K being medium and S being low and Zn being sufficient suggesting maps are preferred over means. The pH was slightly lower, OC and available N distinctly higher, and available P and DTPA extractable Cu lower in forest lands compared to agricultural lands in zone-9. Land use did not influence available K and DTPA extractable Zn, Fe and Mn.},
        keywords = {Soil fertility map, GIS, agro-climatic zones, land use, watersheds}
}