Review on Raising Livestock Productivity in Crop-Livestock Systems in India: Challenges and Implications For ResearchP PRaoauthorP SBirthalauthorThe kvorld's livestock production systems are divided into 3 broad categories, based on the degree of integration with crops and land -- grazing systems, mixed crop-livestock hrming systenls (MCLS) and industrial systems or landless systems (Sere and Stienfield 1996). Historically, at low population densities and land abundant scenario, crop and animal production are extensive/specialized and hence, croplivestock interaction is weak. However, as population density incrr:~ses, there is increasing pressure on cropland, with fallow and pastureland increasingly brought under cultivation. This, in turn, raises farmers' dependence on cropresidues. den~ar~fdor manure and animal traction. There is thus n ~~~too\vvacrd s crop-livestock interaction, where crops and animals are integrated on the same farms (McIntire er 111. 1992)...Agriculture-Farming, Production, Technology, Economics2005Indian Council of Agricultural ResearchArticle