?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Foar.icrisat.org%2F7380%2F&rft.title=Assessing+Occurrence+and+Distribution+of+Aflatoxins+in+Malawi&rft.creator=Waliyar%2C+F&rft.creator=Osiru%2C+M&rft.creator=Siambi%2C+M&rft.creator=Chinyamunyamu%2C+B&rft.subject=Fertilizer+Applications&rft.description=Malawi+is+a+land-locked+country+in+southern+Africa+with+a+total+land+area+of+118%2C485+square+kilometers+(11.78+million+hectares%2C+of+which+34%25+is+arable).+Agriculture+contributes+over+35%25+of+the+country%E2%80%99s+Gross+Domestic+Product+(GDP)+estimated+at+about+%24200+per+capita.+The+majority+of+Malawi%E2%80%99s+13+million+persons+are+smallholder+farmers+and+Malawi+is+still+classified+as+one+of+the+poorest+countries+in+SSA+(Action+Aid+International%2C+2006).+Infant+mortality+in+2002+was+113+per+1%2C000+persons+(globalis.gvu.unu.edu%2Findicator_detail.cfm%3FIndicatorID%3D25)+compared+with+an+average+of+92+for+SSA.+The+country+relies+heavily+on+rain-fed+agriculture+increasing+threats+in+the+event+of+variations+in+rainfall+as+well+as+commodity+price+shocks.+Between+1970+and+2006%2C+Malawi+experienced+40+weather-related+disasters%2C+many+leading+to+famines+affecting+the+most+parts+of+the+country+(Action+Aid+International%2C+2006).+Average+life+expectancy%2C+standing+at+37+years+at+birth%2C+is+declining+due+to+the+impact+of+HIV%2FAIDS%2C+which+in+1999+affected+16+percent+of+the+adult+population+and+31+percent+of+women+in+ante-natal+care+(Clay+et+al.%2C+2003).+Close+to+one+million+adults+and+children+in+Malawi+are+living+with+HIV%2FAIDS%2C+with+women+representing+56.8%25+of+HIV+positive+adults+(15+%E2%80%93+49yrs)%2C+one+of+the+highest+HIV+prevalence+rates+in+the+World+(UNAIDS%2C+2004).&rft.publisher=Malawi+National+Digital+Repoitory&rft.date=2013&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Foar.icrisat.org%2F7380%2F1%2FAflatoxins.pdf&rft.identifier=++Waliyar%2C+F+and+Osiru%2C+M+and+Siambi%2C+M+and+Chinyamunyamu%2C+B++(2013)+Assessing+Occurrence+and+Distribution+of+Aflatoxins+in+Malawi.++Project+Report.+Malawi+National+Digital+Repoitory.+++++