@article{icrisat6666, title = {A paradigm shift towards low-nitrifying production systems: the role of biological nitrification inhibition (BNI)}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, author = {G V Subbarao and K L Sahrawat and K Nakahara and I M Rao and M Ishitani and C T Hash and M Kishii and D G Bonnett and W L Berry and J C Lata}, pages = {297--316}, year = {2013}, volume = {112}, journal = {Annals of Botany}, number = {2}, keywords = {AMO, ammonia mono-oxygenase, biological nitrification inhibition, BNI, BNI capacity, brachialactone, fatty acids, HAO, hydroxylamine oxidoreductase, high-nitrifying production systems, low-nitrifying production systems, nitrification, Nitrosomonas, nitrate leaching, synthetic nitrification inhibitors, nitrous oxide emissions, sustainability}, url = {http://oar.icrisat.org/6666/}, abstract = {Agriculture is the single largest geo-engineering initiative that humans have initiated on planet Earth, largely through the introduction of unprecedented amounts of reactive nitrogen (N) into ecosystems. A major portion of this reactive N applied as fertilizer leaks into the environment in massive amounts, with cascading negative effects on ecosystem health and function. Natural ecosystems utilize many of the multiple pathways in the N cycle to regulate N flow. In contrast, the massive amounts of N currently applied to agricultural systems cycle primarily through the nitrification pathway, a single inefficient route that channels much of this reactive N into the environment. This is largely due to the rapid nitrifying soil environment of present-day agricultural systems...} }