TY  - JOUR
AV  - restricted
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373115
IS  - 3
PB  - Kluwer Academic
TI  - Larval parasitoids and pathogens of the groundnut leaf miner, Aproaerema modicella (Lep.: Gelechiidae), in India
A1  - Shanower, T G
A1  - Wightman, J A
A1  - Gutierrez, A P
A1  - Ranga Rao, G V
SN  - 0013-8959
VL  - 37
N2  - Natural enemies of the groundnut leaf miner,Aproaerema modicella (Deventer), were studied at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) located near Hyderabad in peninsular India. Hymenopterous parasitoids attacking leaf miner larvae were the most important group of natural enemies. Nine primary and eight secondary parasitoids emerged from host larvae, and killed up to 50% of the leaf miner larvae sampled. The trophic relationships between primary and secondary parasitoids are incompletely understood. The influence of pathogens of this species is reported for the first time. These pathogens killed up to 30% of the leaf miner larvae. The combined effects of all mortality agents killed up to 95% of the leaf miner larvae per sample period. However, use of insecticides in sprayed plots reduced the efficacy of parasitoids. The impact of predators on larval populations was not studied and may explain underestimates of leaf miner mortality rates
SP  - 419
Y1  - 1992///
EP  - 427
ID  - icrisat6401
KW  - Aproaerema modicella
KW  -  parasitoid
KW  -  pathogen
KW  -  groundnut
KW  -  India
JF  - Entomophaga
ER  -