?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Foar.icrisat.org%2F5291%2F&rft.title=The+World+Chickpea+and+Pigeonpea+Economies+Facts%2C+Trends%2C+and+Outlook&rft.creator=Joshi%2C+P+K&rft.creator=Rao%2C+P+P&rft.creator=Gowda%2C+C+L+L&rft.creator=Jones%2C+R+B&rft.creator=Silim%2C+S+N&rft.creator=Saxena%2C+K+B&rft.creator=Kumar%2C+J&rft.subject=Chickpea&rft.subject=Pigeonpea&rft.description=Globally+chickpea+and+pigeonpea+are+third+and+fifth+most+important+pulse+crops+mainly+grown+in+the%0D%0Adeveloping+countries+by+resource-poor+farmers+in+drought+prone+areas+and+on+degraded+soils.+Chickpea+is%0D%0Atraditionally+grown+in+temperate+areas+while+pigeonpea+is+mainly+grown+in+the+tropics.+South+Asia+accounts%0D%0Afor+bulk+of+production+of+both+these+pulses.+During+the+last+20+years+there+has+been+some+diversification%0D%0Ain+area+and+production+as+reflected+in+the+internationality+index+of+these+crops.%0D%0AConsiderable+progress+has+been+achieved+in+developing+improved+short-+and+medium-duration+varieties%0D%0Aof+chickpea+and+pigeonpea+that+fit+specific+niches+in+the+cropping+pattern.+Fallow+areas+were+brought%0D%0Aunder+chickpea+cultivation+as+the+crop+could+now+escape+terminal+drought.+Short-+and+medium-duration%0D%0Apigeonpea+varieties+resistant+to+diseases+enabled+double+cropping+leading+to+an+increase+in+farm+income.%0D%0AHowever%2C+large-scale+adoption+could+not+be+sustained+due+to+several+socioeconomic+and+technological%0D%0Aconstraints.%0D%0ALow+productivity+growth+of+chickpea+and+pigeonpea+has+resulted+in+declining+or+stagnant+per+caput%0D%0Aavailability+of+these+pulses+in+the+major+producing+regions.+An+important+policy+question+is+whether+the%0D%0Adecline+in+per+caput+availability+of+pulses+is+a+supply+or+demand+constraint.+In+the+short+to+medium+term%2C%0D%0Asupply+would+be+more+constrained+than+demand+for+both+chickpea+and+pigeonpea.+Population+and+income%0D%0Agrowth+and+positive+income+elasticity+of+demand+would+ensure+present+levels+of+consumption.+In+the%0D%0Along+run+demand+would+be+more+constrained+due+to+changes+in+tastes%2C+preferences%2C+and+urbanization.%0D%0AChickpea+and+pigeonpea+complement+cereals+in+production+and+consumption.+Their+overall+benefits%0D%0Aextend+much+beyond+generating+income+to+resource-poor+farmers.+For+the+long+run+sustainability+of+the%0D%0Asystem+improvement+in+production+through+improved+varieties+resistant+to+pests+and+diseases+and+better%0D%0Aagronomic+management+should+continue+in+the+future.&rft.publisher=International+Crops+Research+Institute+for+the+Semi-Arid+Tropics&rft.date=2001&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Foar.icrisat.org%2F5291%2F1%2FOutlook%2520rep-The%2520World%2520Chickpea.pdf&rft.identifier=++Joshi%2C+P+K+and+Rao%2C+P+P+and+Gowda%2C+C+L+L+and+Jones%2C+R+B+and+Silim%2C+S+N+and+Saxena%2C+K+B+and+Kumar%2C+J++(2001)+The+World+Chickpea+and+Pigeonpea+Economies+Facts%2C+Trends%2C+and+Outlook.++Monograph.+International+Crops+Research+Institute+for+the+Semi-Arid+Tropics%2C+Patancheru%2C+Andhra+Pradesh%2C+India.+++++