<mods:mods version="3.3" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-3.xsd" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><mods:titleInfo><mods:title>Insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner): status and prospects for its management in India</mods:title></mods:titleInfo><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">N J</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Armes</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">D R</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Jadhav</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">P A</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Lonergan</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:abstract>Insecticide resistance and concomitant field failures to control the cotton bollworm,&#13;
Helicoverpll Ilnlzigera (Hiibner), were first recorded in south India in 1987. During the&#13;
1992-93 cropping season a discriminating dose technique ,vas used to routinely monitor&#13;
resistance in four major cotton- and pulse-growing areas o f Andhra Pradesh State. Very high&#13;
levels of resistance to pyrethroids, and significant endosulfan and organophosphate resistance&#13;
were a feature of all regions monitored. The intensity of expression was determined by local&#13;
selection pressure and mixing of populations by windborne migration agai ns t a changing&#13;
background of insecticide use across seasons. Levels of piperonyl butoxide-insensitive&#13;
pyrethroid resistance were hi gher in the more intensive insecticide-use regions. Farmers are&#13;
applying more frequent and higher doses of insecticides, often as mixtures, in an attempt to&#13;
control&#13;
    .&#13;
                                                          (IRM) rationale, resulting in greater&#13;
implementation of insecticide-resistance management&#13;
control over the use of insecticides, is urgently needed to reduce the resistance selection&#13;
pressure on conventional insecticides and to conserve susceptibility to ne wer insecticides and&#13;
biorationals with novel modes of action. Constraints and prospects for IRM implementation&#13;
in India are discussed.&#13;
</mods:abstract><mods:classification authority="lcc">Fertilizer Applications</mods:classification><mods:classification authority="lcc">Entomology</mods:classification><mods:originInfo><mods:dateIssued encoding="iso8061">1994</mods:dateIssued></mods:originInfo><mods:genre>Conference or Workshop Item</mods:genre></mods:mods>