?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Foar.icrisat.org%2F431%2F&rft.title=Participatory+Technology+Development+and+Transfer%3A+The+Key+to+Soil+Fertility+and+Water+Management+Technology+Adoption+in+Zimbabwe.+Report+No.+2&rft.creator=Pedzisa%2C+T&rft.creator=Minde%2C+I&rft.creator=Twomlow%2C+S+J&rft.creator=Mazvimavi%2C+K&rft.subject=Agriculture-Farming%2C+Production%2C+Technology%2C+Economics&rft.description=There+are+few+non-farm+engines+of+growth+and+poverty+alleviation+in+most+sub-Saharan+African+(SSA)+countries.+This+implies+that+smallholder+agriculture+is+likely+to+remain+the+major+source+of+rural+growth+and+livelihood+improvement+for+a+long+time+to+come%2C+as+well+as+the+center+of+individual+nation%E2%80%99s+economic+growth+(World+Bank+1997).+Many+sources+continue+to+establish+that+the+persisting+impoverishment+of+rural+SSA+is+due+to+declining+land+productivity+under+an+increasing+population+that+uses+low+input+farming+methods+(IFAD+1994%3B+World+Bank+1996%3B+Woodhouse+2002).+In+addition%2C+farmers+have+invested+little+in+soil+fertility+management+and+crop+yield+despite+decades+of+research+(Ryan+and+Spencer+2001%3B+Mapfumo+and+Giller+2001%3B+Scoones+2001).+The+consequence+of+this+is+widespread+accelerated+erosion%2C+degradation+of+soils%2C+and+deforestation+(Hoffman+and+Ashwell+2001).+As+the+natural+resource+base+is+degraded%2C+it+is+becoming+increasingly+difficult+for+resource-poor+farmers+to+maintain+their+livelihoods+and+quality+of+life.&rft.publisher=International+Crops+Research+Institute+for+the+Semi-Arid+Tropics&rft.date=2008&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Foar.icrisat.org%2F431%2F1%2FCO_200809.pdf&rft.identifier=++Pedzisa%2C+T+and+Minde%2C+I+and+Twomlow%2C+S+J+and+Mazvimavi%2C+K++(2008)+Participatory+Technology+Development+and+Transfer%3A+The+Key+to+Soil+Fertility+and+Water+Management+Technology+Adoption+in+Zimbabwe.+Report+No.+2.++Technical+Report.+International+Crops+Research+Institute+for+the+Semi-Arid+Tropics%2C+Bulawayo%2C+Zimbabawe.+++++