<> "The repository administrator has not yet configured an RDF license."^^ . <> . . . "Spillover impacts of agricultural research: a review\r\nof studies. Working Paper Series no. 8"^^ . "The spillover impacts of agricultural research are very important for research policy formulation. This paper reviews the\r\nexisting literature on the policy effects of research and summarizes the methodologies used for quantifying the spillover\r\nimpacts. Three types of spillover effects have been identified on the basis of the existing literature: across-location spillover,\r\nacross-commodity spillover, and price spillover effects. The former two are direct effects, and the latter indirect. Acrosslocation\r\nor across-environment spillover effects relate to a situation in which a technology developed for one crop at a\r\nspecific location can be adopted to improve the production efficiency of the same crop at other locations. Across-commodity\r\nspillover effects occur when the technology developed has applicability for other commodities. Price spillover effects occur\r\nwhen the technological change for a particular commodity at a specific location increases supply and changes the price of the\r\ncommodity at other locations through trade. Two types of measurement techniques, subjective and objective, have been used\r\nto assess spillover effects in agriculture. Subjective estimates are based on value judgments rather than experimental or onfarm\r\nyield and cost data, and are often arrived at through elicitation from experts. Objective estimates on the other hand are\r\nbased on hard data and evidence reflecting the extent of applicability of a new technology across environments or\r\ncommodities beyond the designed research target. Both subjective and objective estimates are used in the empirical\r\nquantification of across-location spillover impacts. However, only a theoretical model (no empirical quantification) is\r\navailable for the estimation of across-commodity spillover. Price spillover effects are estimated in conjunction with the\r\nacross-environment technology spillover. Studies have quantified across-location spillover impacts using economic surplus\r\nmodels, subjectively and objectively. Quantification of spillover benefits from germplasm research conducted at ICRISAT\r\nwould be very useful in research evaluation and policy planning."^^ . "2001" . . . "International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "U K"^^ . "Deb"^^ . "U K Deb"^^ . . "M C S"^^ . "Bantilan"^^ . "M C S Bantilan"^^ . . . . . . "Spillover impacts of agricultural research: a review\r\nof studies. Working Paper Series no. 8 (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "WPS8.pdf"^^ . . . "Spillover impacts of agricultural research: a review\r\nof studies. Working Paper Series no. 8 (Image (JPEG))"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . . "Spillover impacts of agricultural research: a review\r\nof studies. Working Paper Series no. 8 (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #3820 \n\nSpillover impacts of agricultural research: a review \nof studies. Working Paper Series no. 8\n\n" . "text/html" . . . "Agriculture-Farming, Production, Technology, Economics"@en . .