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dc:title "HTML Summary of #3458 \n\nBiotic stresses affecting legumes production in the Indo-Gangetic Plain\n\n";
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bibo:abstract "On the basis of current knowledge, an attempt has been made to\r\ncategorize the biotic constraints of the grain legumes groum in the riceand\r\nwheat-based cropping systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plain (1GP) of\r\nBangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Diseases and insect pests rank\r\nhigh overall, whereas weeds assume greater importance in the rainy\r\nseason legumes. Nematodes are reported to affect legumes but\r\ninformation on the losses caused by them is scanty. The major\r\ncontributors to yield losses are foliar diseases and pod borers. Despite the\r\nobvious signs of damage caused by various root diseases, their impact on\r\nyield is moderate. The diseases of food legumes are also determined by\r\nplant type (specifically the configuration of crop canopy), cropping\r\nsystem, imbalances in soil nutrients, and crop rotation but their detailed\r\neffects on the incidence and severity of diseases remains unclear.\r\nSimilarly, interaction between soilborne diseases and nematodes is\r\nobvious, but research on their combined effect on yield losses has rarely\r\nbeen documented. For each legume the important diseases, insect pests,\r\nand weeds, with prospects for alleviating the constraints, are discussed.\r\nAlthough availability of host plant resistance to the major biotic\r\nconstraints have so far proven to be of limited use, we suggest that genetic\r\nresistance offers greater opportunities for strategic research investments.\r\nRedesigning of crop canopies such that they support a less conducive\r\nmicroclimate for infection and spread of fungal diseases needs greater\r\nresearch focus. Also, development of short-duration cultivars to escape\r\ndrought and drought predisposed diseases such as fusarium wilt (late) in\r\nchickpea and aflatoxin infection in groundnut, and the incorporation of\r\ndrought-resistance traits is worth pursuing. There is a need to understand\r\nthe consequences of the intensive rice-wheat cropping system on the\r\nchanging scenario of pests of legumes."^^xsd:string;
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