?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Foar.icrisat.org%2F2335%2F&rft.title=Quantification+of+Yield+Gaps+in+Rain-fed+Rice%2C+Wheat%2C%0D%0ACotton+and+Mustard+in+India%3A+Global+Theme+on+Agroecosystems+++Report+no.+43%0D%0A&rft.creator=Agrawal%2C+P+K&rft.creator=Hebbar%2C+K+B&rft.creator=Venugopalan%2C+M+V&rft.creator=Rani%2C+S&rft.creator=Bala%2C+A&rft.creator=Biswal%2C+A&rft.creator=Wani%2C+S+P&rft.subject=Wheat&rft.subject=Agriculture-Farming%2C+Production%2C+Technology%2C+Economics&rft.description=In+order+to+meet+increasing+demands+of+food+due+to+rising+population+and+income%2C+food+production+in+India+and%0D%0Aother+south+Asian+countries+need+to+be+increased.+Rain-fed+agriculture+in+India%2C+practiced+on+94+million+hectares%0D%0A(M+ha)%2C+is+considered+a+major+source+of+production+increase+in+future.+This+report+analyses+the+magnitude+of%0D%0Arain-fed+potential+yield+gaps+of+rice%2C+wheat%2C+mustard+and+cotton+crops%2C+considering+the+spatial+and+temporal%0D%0Avariation+in+climatic+features.+These+yields+can+be+interpreted+as+the+upper+limit+that+can+be+achieved+by+the%0D%0Acurrent+varieties+in+a+rain-fed+scenario+with+soil+and+weather+as+the+only+yield+reducing+factors.+InfoCrop%2C+a%0D%0Ageneric+dynamic+crop+simulation+model+with+sensitivity+to+variety%2C+agronomic+management%2C+soil%2C+weather%2C%0D%0Aflooding%2C+frost+and+pests+and+calibrated+and+validated+in+typical+rain-fed+and+irrigated+cultivating+areas+of%0D%0Athese+crops+was+used+for+quantification+of+rain-fed+potential+yields+in+different+regions.+Yields+in+technology%0D%0Amaximization+experiments+(Plant+Breeder%E2%80%99s+fields)+and+on-farm+technology+demonstration+plots+(Front-line%0D%0Ademonstrations)+have+also+been+used+as+additional+measures+of+potential+yield.+Yield+gaps+were+calculated+as%0D%0Athe+difference+between+these+yield+levels+and+the+region%E2%80%99s+average+measured+yields.+The+results+showed+that%0D%0Airrespective+of+the+definition+of+potential+yield%2C+there+was+considerable+yield+gap+across+all+states+in+all+crops%0D%0Aindicating+large+scope+for+increasing+rain-fed+yields+in+future.+On+an+average%2C+the+gap+relative+to+simulated%0D%0Arain-fed+potential+yields+was+2560+kg+ha-1+for+rice%2C+1120+kg+ha-1+for+cotton+and+860+kg+ha-1+for+mustard.+Such%0D%0Anational+average+rain-fed+yield+gaps+could+not+be+estimated+in+wheat+because+of+large+percent+of+irrigated+area+in%0D%0Aall+states.+The+mean+yield+gap+based+on+the+average+of+simulated%2C+experimental+and+on-farm+rain-fed+potential%0D%0Ayields+was+1670+kg+ha-1+for+rice%2C+770+kg+ha-1+for+cotton%2C+460+kg+ha-1+for+mustard+and+70+kg+ha-1+for+wheat.+It%0D%0Aremains+to+be+quantified+if+these+biophysical+estimates+of+yield+gaps+can+be+bridged+economically.%0D%0A&rft.publisher=International+Crops+Research+Institute+for+the+Semi-Arid+Tropics+&rft.date=2008&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Foar.icrisat.org%2F2335%2F1%2F120_2008_GTAE43_quantification.pdf&rft.identifier=++Agrawal%2C+P+K+and+Hebbar%2C+K+B+and+Venugopalan%2C+M+V+and+Rani%2C+S+and+Bala%2C+A+and+Biswal%2C+A+and+Wani%2C+S+P++(2008)+Quantification+of+Yield+Gaps+in+Rain-fed+Rice%2C+Wheat%2C+Cotton+and+Mustard+in+India%3A+Global+Theme+on+Agroecosystems+Report+no.+43.++Monograph.+International+Crops+Research+Institute+for+the+Semi-Arid+Tropics+%2C+Patancheru%2C+Andhra+Pradesh%2C+India.+++++