<mods:mods version="3.3" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-3.xsd" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><mods:titleInfo><mods:title>Hydrological Characterization of Benchmark Agricultural Watersheds  in India, Thailand, and Vietnam. Global Theme 3: Water, Soil, and Agrobiodiversity Management for Ecosystem Health Report no. 2&#13;
&#13;
</mods:title></mods:titleInfo><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">P</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Pathak</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">S P</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Wani</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">P</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Singh</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">R</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Sudi</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">Ch</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Srinivasa Rao</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:abstract>ICRISAT’s intervention in the project “Improving Management of Natural Resources for Sustainable&#13;
 Rainfed Agriculture” funded by the Asian Development Bank aims to increase the productivity and&#13;
 sustainability of the medium and high water-holding capacity soils in the intermediate rainfall ecoregion of&#13;
 India, Thailand, and Vietnam. To implement this project ICRISAT selected five benchmark watersheds  three in India, one in Thailand, and one in Vietnam – to introduce improved crop production and natural&#13;
 resource management technologies. This work was carried out over three years (1999–2001) and promising&#13;
 results have been obtained on crop productivity gains as well as efficient use and conservation of natural&#13;
 resources. This report focuses on the impact of various watershed technologies on the surface and&#13;
 groundwater hydrology of the watersheds at all the five benchmark sites. The information on topography,&#13;
 rainfall, runoff, groundwater, and other relevant data were collected and analyzed. The hydrological data&#13;
 from the five benchmark watersheds clearly show the effectiveness of improved watershed technologies in&#13;
&#13;
reducing runoff volume and peak runoff rate and improving availability of groundwater. The highest runoff&#13;
 volume of 433 mm (51% of seasonal rainfall) was recorded from the Tad Fa watershed in Thailand, while&#13;
 the lowest runoff volume of 55 mm (7% of seasonal rainfall) was recorded from the Adarsha watershed in&#13;
 Kothapally, India. The highest peak runoff rate of 0.235 m3 s-1 ha-1 was recorded from the untreated&#13;
 watershed at Kothapally. Among the three sites in India, the highest runoff was recorded at Lalatora&#13;
 watershed in Madhya Pradesh. The highest contribution of seasonal rainfall to groundwater was recorded at&#13;
 Lalatora watershed (270 mm or 29% of seasonal rainfall). The hydrological behavior and data reported in&#13;
 this report will be useful in the planning, design, development, and management of natural resources in the&#13;
 target regions.&#13;
</mods:abstract><mods:classification authority="lcc">Watershed Management</mods:classification><mods:classification authority="lcc">Agriculture-Farming, Production, Technology, Economics</mods:classification><mods:originInfo><mods:dateIssued encoding="iso8061">2002</mods:dateIssued></mods:originInfo><mods:originInfo><mods:publisher>International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics </mods:publisher></mods:originInfo><mods:genre>Monograph</mods:genre></mods:mods>