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dc:title "HTML Summary of #19 \n\nInteraction between host plant resistance and biological activity of Bacillus
\nthuringiensis in managing the pod borer Helicoverpa armigera in chickpea\n\n";
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bibo:abstract "The legume pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has developed\r\nhigh levels of resistance to conventional insecticides, and therefore, efforts are being made to develop\r\ntransgenic chickpea expressing toxin genes from the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for controlling\r\nthis pest. However, there is an apprehension that acid exudates in chickpea might interfere with biological\r\nactivity of Bt. Therefore, we studied the biological activity of Bt (BiolepR) on four chickpea genotypes\r\nwith different levels of resistance to H. armigera under field conditions, and by incorporating lyophilized\r\nlead and pod tissue into the artificial diet with and without Bt. The pH of the acid exudates varied from\r\n2.1 to 2.90, and malic and oxalic acid were the major components of the acid exudates in different\r\nchickpea genotypes. There was no survival of H. armigera larvae in chickpea plants spayed with 0.1, 0.2\r\nand 0.5% of Bt. There was a significant reduction in larval survival, larval and pupal weights and\r\nfecundity, and prolongation of larval and pupal periods in chickpea plots sprayed with Bt (0.05%) as\r\ncompared to the unsprayed plants. Biological activity of Bt was lower on artificial diets with leaf or pod\r\npowder of chickpea genotypes, which might be because of a low intake of Bt toxins due to antifeedant\r\neffects of acid exudates in the chickpea or reduction in biological activity of Bt due to the interaction of\r\nbiochemical constituents in chickpea with the Bt toxins. Larval survival, larval and pupal weights,\r\npupation and adult emergence were significantly lower on diets with leaf or pod powder of the H.\r\narmigera-resistant genotypes than on the susceptible check. Chickpea genotypes with resistance to H.\r\narmigera acted in concert with Bt to cause adverse effects on the survival and development of this insect.\r\nThe results suggested that development of transgenic chickpeas expressing toxin genes form Bt will be\r\nquite effective for controlling of the pod borer, H. armigera."^^xsd:string;
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bibo:issue "8";
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bibo:volume "30";
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dct:date "2011";
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rdf:type skos:Concept;
skos:prefLabel "Chickpea"@en .
foaf:name "Elsevier"^^xsd:string;
rdf:type foaf:Organization .
foaf:familyName "Surekha Devi"^^xsd:string;
foaf:givenName "V"^^xsd:string;
foaf:name "V Surekha Devi"^^xsd:string;
rdf:type foaf:Person .
foaf:familyName "Arjuna Rao"^^xsd:string;
foaf:givenName "P"^^xsd:string;
foaf:name "P Arjuna Rao"^^xsd:string;
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foaf:familyName "Sharma"^^xsd:string;
foaf:givenName "H C"^^xsd:string;
foaf:name "H C Sharma"^^xsd:string;
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bibo:issn "02612194";
foaf:name "Crop Protection"^^xsd:string;
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