OAR@ICRISATGlobal patterns of genotype-environment interactions for seed yield in chickpeaJKumarauthorSChandraauthorB VRaoauthorJ HMirandaauthorNVaniauthorSeed yield data from 16 genotypes (G) of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), tested in 49 transcontinental locations (L), were analysed using residual maximum likelihood procedure and pattern analysis methods of classification and ordination to gain an understanding of the structure of genotype × environment interactions. The genotypes included the two major types of chickpea, desi and kabuli, drawn from two main areas for chickpea adaptation, the Indian subcontinent and the Mediterranean region. Using hierarchical classification, the 16×49 GL mean data matrix was reduced to 8×9 (G-group × L-group) matrix capturing 50% of GL interaction sums of squares. The genotypes fell into three discernible groups according to their geographic proximity. The location grouping suggested the presence of two mega-environments. Subgrouping of locations showed that generally the tropical (<23°) locations grouped together and separate from sub-tropical locations. The performance plots of G-groups indicated that two low yielding genotypes, Giza and Harigantars, contributed to large variation from one L-group to another. In general, the medium-duration G-group (K 850, L 550, ICCC 8 and ICCC 4) from India was consistently better in most L-groups. In contrast, the G-group comprising Rabat (Morocco) and ILC 482 (Turkey), generally performed well in higher latitudes. The principal component biplot results were essentially similar to those obtained from the performance plots. It appears that development of early to medium-duration varieties may increase and stabilize seed yields. Based on genotype grouping, separate breeding programmes for subtropical, tropical and the Mediterranean regions appear appropriate. This study showed that breeding for kabuli type and relatively bold seed might not necessarily affect varietal productivity adversely. Implications of these findings for chickpea improvement are discussed.Chickpea2002Article

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