?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Foar.icrisat.org%2F1202%2F&rft.title=Crop+-+Livestock+Economies+in+the+Semi+-+Arid+Tropics+Facts%2C+Trends+and+Outlook&rft.creator=Rao%2C+P+P&rft.creator=Birthal%2C+P+S&rft.creator=Ndjeunga%2C+J&rft.subject=Agriculture-Farming%2C+Production%2C+Technology%2C+Economics&rft.description=This+report+analyzes+the+structure+and+trends+in+the+crop-livestock+economies+of+developing+countries+falling%0D%0Awi+thin+the+semi-arid+tropics+of+the+wor+ld.+Population+growth%2C+urbanization+and+increasing+per+capita+incomes%0D%0Aare+fuelling+rapid+growth+in+the+demand+for+animal-based+foods+in+developing+countries+including+those+located%0D%0Ain+the+semi-arid+tropics.+The+rising+demand+for+animal-based+foods+is+likely+to+have+several+implications+for%0D%0Alivestock+production+systems+(structure%2C+production%2C+productivity%2C+intensification+etc)%2C+the+environment%2C+markets%2C%0D%0Ainstitutions+and+trade%2C+and+ultimately+for+livestock+producers.+We+are+thus+witnessing+a+dualistic+mode+of%0D%0Adevelopment%3A+a+fast+growing+commercial+sector+that+is+coming+up+close+to+demand+centers+even+as+the+traditional%0D%0Asemi-subsistence+sector+continues+to+be+the+lifeline+of+many+small+and+poor+livestock+keepers.+In+the+commercial%0D%0Asector%2C+the+non-food+functions+of+livestock+(draught%2C+transport%2C+asset+etc)+are+on+the+decline.+The+rising+demand%0D%0Afor+animal-based+food+is+also+fuelling+the+derived+demand+for+livestock+feed%2C+particularly+crop+residues+in+South%0D%0AAsia+and+SSA%2C+and+agro-industrial+by-products+in+all+regions+of+the+SAT.%0D%0AThe+livestock+sector+is+also+under+pressure+to+adjust+to+forces+of+market+liberalization+and+globalization.+Wi+th%0D%0Adistortions+in+the+wor+ld+trading+environment+for+livestock+products+and+stiff+SPS+standards%2C+the+competitiveness%0D%0Aof+domestic+dairy+and+meat+production+in+SAT+countries+is+under+threat.+The+best+option+to+remain+competitive%0D%0Ais+through+the+adoption+of+improved+technologies%2C+investments+in+infrastructure+to+meet+quality+standards%2C%0D%0Adomestic+reforms%2C+public-private+sector+partnerships+particularly+in+the+delivery+of+health+services%2C+innovative%0D%0Ainstitutions+and+policies+that+link+small-scale+producers+wi+th+markets%2Fprocessors.%0D%0APoverty+is+high+in+all+SAT+countries+of+SSA+and+South+Asia.+For+a+majority+of+the+rural+poor%2C+livestock+rearing+is%0D%0Aan+important+means+of+survival.+The+productivity+of+livestock+is+low+owing+to+numerous+constraints.+Alleviating%0D%0Athese+constraints+would+help+improve+performance+of+livestock+in+SAT+countries%2C+which+in+turn+would+benefit%0D%0Amillions+of+poor.&rft.publisher=International+Crops+Research+Institute+for+the+Semi-Arid+Tropics&rft.date=2005&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Foar.icrisat.org%2F1202%2F1%2FRA_00418.pdf&rft.identifier=++Rao%2C+P+P+and+Birthal%2C+P+S+and+Ndjeunga%2C+J++(2005)+Crop+-+Livestock+Economies+in+the+Semi+-+Arid+Tropics+Facts%2C+Trends+and+Outlook.++Monograph.+International+Crops+Research+Institute+for+the+Semi-Arid+Tropics.+++++