<mods:mods version="3.3" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-3.xsd" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><mods:titleInfo><mods:title>An update and perspectives on the use of promoters in plant genetic engineering</mods:title></mods:titleInfo><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">D</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Kummari</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">S R</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Palakolanu</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">P B K</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Kishor</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">P</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Bhatnagar-Mathur</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">P</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Singam</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">V</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Vadez</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">K K</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Sharma</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:abstract>Genetically engineered plants have varied applications in agriculture for enhancing the values of food and feed.&#13;
Genetic engineering aims to introduce selected genetic regions with desirable traits into target plants for both&#13;
spatial and temporal expressions. Promoters are the key elements responsible for regulating gene expressions&#13;
by modulating the transcription factors (TFs) through recognition of RNA polymerases. Based on their&#13;
recognition and expression, RNA polymerases were categorized into RNA pol II and pol III promoters.&#13;
Promoter activity and specificity are the two prime parameters in regulating the transgene expression. Since the&#13;
use of constitutive promoters like Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S may lead to adverse effects on nontarget&#13;
organisms or ecosystem, inducible/tissue specific promoters and/or the RNA pol III promoters provide&#13;
myriad opportunities for gene expressions with controlled regulation and with minimum adverse effects.&#13;
Besides their role in transgene expression, their influence in synthetic biology and genome editing are also&#13;
discussed. This review provides an update on the importance, current prospects, and insight into the advantages&#13;
and disadvantages of promoters reported thus far would help to utilize them in the endeavour to develop&#13;
nutritionally and agronomically improved transgenic crops for commercialization.</mods:abstract><mods:classification authority="lcc">Genetic Engineering</mods:classification><mods:originInfo><mods:dateIssued encoding="iso8061">2020-09</mods:dateIssued></mods:originInfo><mods:originInfo><mods:publisher>Springer Verlag</mods:publisher></mods:originInfo><mods:genre>Article</mods:genre></mods:mods>