Transforming failing smallholder irrigation schemes in Africa: a theory of changeJPittockauthorHBjornlundauthorAvan RooyenauthorDrawing on the results of the Transforming Irrigation in Southern Africa project, we assess positive transitions in smallholder irrigation schemes. The project’s theory of change is evaluated. Soil monitoring tools and agricultural innovation platforms were introduced in five irrigation schemes in Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. The synergies between these interventions increased both crop yields and profitability. This empowered farmers, improved equity, and accelerated social learning and innovation. The resulting, iterative cycles of change improved governance, sustainability and socio-economic outcomes. The challenges of scaling these interventions up and out are outlined.Smallholder AgricultureSoil ScienceWater ResourcesAfricaSub-Saharan Africa2020-10RoutledgeArticle