"11722","17","archive","3170",,,"disk0/00/01/17/22","2021-03-02 16:32:58","2021-03-02 16:33:22","2021-03-02 16:32:58","article",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,"Peairs","F","","","","","","","Ba","M N","","","","",,,,,"","",,,,,"","","African Agricultural Technology Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria","Nigeria","Efficacy of a cry1Ab Gene for Control of Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Cowpea (Fabales: Fabaceae)","pub","IPM","CRPS1","","public",,,"Transgenic, Genetically engineered Bt-cowpea, West Africa",,"The authors are thankful to the African Agricultural Technology
Foundation (AATF) for coordinating and providing funding for
the pod-borer resistant cowpea (PBRC) project. The authors
also are thankful to the Australian Commonwealth Scientific
and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO, R-04676-
01), the United States Agency for International Development
(USAID, AID-OAA-A-14-00035), the Institute for Agricultural
Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) and National
Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA) in Nigeria, Institut
de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) in Burkina
Faso, and the Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (SARI)
in Ghana for providing funds and support for the PBRC project.
Monsanto (now Bayer) donated the Bt gene royalty-free for use in
the project; Program for Biosafety Systems (PBS) provided regulatory
advice; and Kirkhouse Trust provided the marker assisted selection
technology. We are also grateful to Purdue University, Rockefeller
Foundation, the Network for the Genetic Improvement of Cowpea
for Africa (NGICA), Danforth Foundation, and International
Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). We are thankful for the contributions
to this project that were made by Jeremy T. Ouedraogo,
and Eugene Terry. We are especially grateful to Larry Murdock for
his initiation of many collaborations that led to this success. Finally,
we are grateful to Hamza Adamu at IAR, Herve Bama at INERA,
and Ahmed Seidu at SARI, for their field technical assistance. The
authors have not declared any conflict of interests.","Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.] is an important staple legume in the diet of many households in
sub-Saharan Africa. Its production, however, is negatively impacted by many insect pests including bean pod
borer, Maruca vitrata F., which can cause 20–80% yield loss. Several genetically engineered cowpea events
that contain a cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for resistance against M. vitrata were evaluated in
Nigeria, Burkina Faso, and Ghana (West Africa), where cowpea is commonly grown. As part of the regulatory
safety package, these efficacy data were developed and evaluated by in-country scientists. The Bt-cowpea lines
were planted in confined field trials under Insect-proof netting and artificially infested with up to 500 M. vitrata
larvae per plant during bud formation and flowering periods. Bt-cowpea lines provided nearly complete pod
and seed protection and in most cases resulted in significantly increased seed yield over non-Bt control lines.
An integrated pest management strategy that includes use of Bt-cowpea augmented with minimal insecticide
treatment for protection against other insects is recommended to control pod borer to enhance cowpea
production. The insect resistance management plan is based on the high-dose refuge strategy where non-Btcowpea
and natural refuges are expected to provide M. vitrata susceptible to Cry1Ab protein. In addition, there
will be a limited release of this product until a two-toxin cowpea pyramid is released. Other than South African
genetically engineered crops, Bt-cowpea is the first genetically engineered food crop developed by the public
sector and approved for release in sub-Saharan Africa.","2020-01","published",,"Journal of Economic Entomology (TSI)","113","2","OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC",,"974-979",,,,,,"doi:10.1093/jee/toz367",,,,,"TRUE",,"0022-0493",,,,,,"","https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz367","https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=10.1093%2Fjee%2Ftoz367&btnG=","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,,,,
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