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        <dc:title>The dynamics between irrigation frequency and soil nutrient management: transitioning smallholder irrigation towards more profitable and sustainable systems in Zimbabwe</dc:title>
        <dc:creator>Moyo, M</dc:creator>
        <dc:creator>Van Rooyen, A</dc:creator>
        <dc:creator>Bjornlund, H</dc:creator>
        <dc:creator>Parry, K</dc:creator>
        <dc:creator>Stirzaker, R</dc:creator>
        <dc:creator>Dube, T</dc:creator>
        <dc:creator>Maya, M</dc:creator>
        <dc:subject>Irrigation</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>Soil Science</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>Zimbabwe</dc:subject>
        <dc:description>Successful irrigated agriculture is underpinned by answering two&#13;
critical questions: when and how much to irrigate. This article quantifies&#13;
the role of the Chameleon and the Wetting Front Detector,&#13;
monitoring tools facilitating decision-making and learning about soilwater-&#13;
nutrient dynamics. Farmers retained nutrients in the root zone&#13;
by reducing irrigation frequency, number of siphons, and event&#13;
duration. Water productivity increased by more than 100% for farmers&#13;
both with and without monitoring tools. Transitioning smallholder&#13;
irrigation systems into profitable and sustainable schemes&#13;
requires investment in technology, farmers and institutions.&#13;
Importantly, technologies need embedding in a learning environment&#13;
that fosters critical feedback mechanisms, such as market&#13;
constraints.</dc:description>
        <dc:publisher>Routledge</dc:publisher>
        <dc:date>2020-05</dc:date>
        <dc:type>Article</dc:type>
        <dc:type>PeerReviewed</dc:type>
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        <dc:language>en</dc:language>
        <dc:identifier>http://oar.icrisat.org/11550/1/The%20dynamics%20between%20irrigation%20frequency%20and%20soil%20nutrient%20management%20transitioning%20smallholder%20irrigation%20towards%20more%20profitable%20and%20sustainable.pdf</dc:identifier>
        <dc:identifier>  Moyo, M and Van Rooyen, A and Bjornlund, H and Parry, K and Stirzaker, R and Dube, T and Maya, M  (2020) The dynamics between irrigation frequency and soil nutrient management: transitioning smallholder irrigation towards more profitable and sustainable systems in Zimbabwe.  International Journal of Water Resources Development (TSI).  pp. 1-25.  ISSN 0790-0627     </dc:identifier>
        <dc:relation>https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2020.1739513</dc:relation>
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