@article{icrisat11550,
           month = {May},
           title = {The dynamics between irrigation frequency and soil nutrient management: transitioning smallholder irrigation towards more profitable and sustainable systems in Zimbabwe},
       publisher = {Routledge},
          author = {M Moyo and A Van Rooyen and H Bjornlund and K Parry and R Stirzaker and T Dube and M Maya},
           pages = {1--25},
            year = {2020},
            note = {This research was part of project Increasing Irrigation Water Productivity in Mozambique, Tanzania
and Zimbabwe through On-Farm Monitoring, Adaptive Management and Agricultural Innovation
Platforms and funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research [grant no.
FSC/2013/006]. The project was also supported by the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and
Ecosystems and CGIAR Fund Donors.},
         journal = {International Journal of Water Resources Development (TSI)},
        keywords = {Irrigated agriculture, Soil and moisture monitoring tools,
Adaptive management, Zimbabwe},
             url = {http://oar.icrisat.org/11550/},
        abstract = {Successful irrigated agriculture is underpinned by answering two
critical questions: when and how much to irrigate. This article quantifies
the role of the Chameleon and the Wetting Front Detector,
monitoring tools facilitating decision-making and learning about soilwater-
nutrient dynamics. Farmers retained nutrients in the root zone
by reducing irrigation frequency, number of siphons, and event
duration. Water productivity increased by more than 100\% for farmers
both with and without monitoring tools. Transitioning smallholder
irrigation systems into profitable and sustainable schemes
requires investment in technology, farmers and institutions.
Importantly, technologies need embedding in a learning environment
that fosters critical feedback mechanisms, such as market
constraints.}
}