http://oar.icrisat.org/id/eprint/11526 2020-07-08T06:25:43Z info:eu-repo/semantics/descriptiveMetadata http://oar.icrisat.org/11526/ Molecular Basis of Root Nodule Symbiosis between Bradyrhizobium and ‘Crack-Entry’ Legume Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Sharma, V Bhattacharyya, S Kumar, R Kumar, A Ibañez, F Wang, J Guo, B Sudini, H K Gopalakrishnan, S DasGupta, M Varshney, R K Pandey, M K Pest Management Groundnut Genetics and Genomics Legume Crops Nitrogen is one of the essential plant nutrients and a major factor limiting crop productivity. To meet the requirements of sustainable agriculture, there is a need to maximize biological nitrogen fixation in different crop species. Legumes are able to establish root nodule symbiosis (RNS) with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria which are collectively called rhizobia. This mutualistic association is highly specific, and each rhizobia species/strain interacts with only a specific group of legumes, and vice versa. Nodulation involves multiple phases of interactions ranging from initial bacterial attachment and infection establishment to late nodule development, characterized by a complex molecular signalling between plants and rhizobia. Characteristically, legumes like groundnut display a bacterial invasion strategy popularly known as “crack-entry’’ mechanism, which is reported approximately in 25% of all legumes. This article accommodates critical discussions on the bacterial infection mode, dynamics of nodulation, components of symbiotic signalling pathway, and also the effects of abiotic stresses and phytohormone homeostasis related to the root nodule symbiosis of groundnut and Bradyrhizobium. These parameters can help to understand how groundnut RNS is programmed to recognize and establish symbiotic relationships with rhizobia, adjusting gene expression in response to various regulations. This review further attempts to emphasize the current understanding of advancements regarding RNS research in the groundnut and speculates on prospective improvement possibilities in addition to ways for expanding it to other crops towards achieving sustainable agriculture and overcoming environmental challenges. MDPI 2020-02 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://oar.icrisat.org/11526/1/Vinay%20Sharma%20et%20al.%202020.pdf Sharma, V and Bhattacharyya, S and Kumar, R and Kumar, A and Ibañez, F and Wang, J and Guo, B and Sudini, H K and Gopalakrishnan, S and DasGupta, M and Varshney, R K and Pandey, M K (2020) Molecular Basis of Root Nodule Symbiosis between Bradyrhizobium and ‘Crack-Entry’ Legume Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Plants, 9 (276). pp. 1-24. ISSN 2223-7747 https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9020276 doi:10.3390/plants9020276 info:eu-repo/semantics/objectFile info:eu-repo/semantics/humanStartPage