"11514","9","archive","3170",,,"disk0/00/01/15/14","2020-06-01 12:09:52","2020-06-01 12:09:52","2020-06-01 12:09:52","article",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,"Ashok kumar","K","","","","","",,"Govindaraj","M","","","","",,,,,"","",,,,,"","","Crop Improvement, Cardamom Research Station, Agricultural University, Pampadumpara, India","India","Genomics-Integrated Breeding for Carotenoids and Folates in Staple Cereal Grains to Reduce Malnutrition","pub","S1","CRPS2","","public",,,"Biofortification, Nutri-genomics, Cereal, Folate, Provitamin A, Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Human nutrition",,"The authors thank editors and reviewers for their detailed
suggestions for improving the manuscript.","Globally, two billion people suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. Cereal grains provide
more than 50% of the daily requirement of calories in human diets, but they often
fail to provide adequate essential minerals and vitamins. Cereal crop production in
developing countries achieved remarkable yield gains through the efforts of the Green
Revolution (117% in rice, 30% in wheat, 530% in maize, and 188% in pearl millet).
However, modern varieties are often deficient in essential micronutrients compared
to traditional varieties and land races. Breeding for nutritional quality in staple cereals
is a challenging task; however, biofortification initiatives combined with genomic tools
increase the feasibility. Current biofortification breeding activities include improving rice
(for zinc), wheat (for zinc), maize (for provitamin A), and pearl millet (for iron and zinc).
Biofortification is a sustainable approach to enrich staple cereals with provitamin A,
carotenoids, and folates. Significant genetic variation has been found for provitamin A
(96–850 mg and 12–1780 mg in 100 g in wheat and maize, respectively), carotenoids
(558–6730 mg in maize), and folates in rice (11–51 mg) and wheat (32.3–89.1 mg)
in 100 g. This indicates the prospects for biofortification breeding. Several QTLs
associated with carotenoids and folates have been identified in major cereals, and the
most promising of these are presented here. Breeding for essential nutrition should be
a core objective of next-generation crop breeding. This review synthesizes the available
literature on folates, provitamin A, and carotenoids in rice, wheat, maize, and pearl
millet, including genetic variation, trait discovery, QTL identification, gene introgressions,
and the strategy of genomics-assisted biofortification for these traits. Recent evidence
shows that genomics-assisted breeding for grain nutrition in rice, wheat, maize, and
pearl millet crops have good potential to aid in the alleviation of micronutrient malnutrition
in many developing countries.","2020-05","published",,"Frontiers in Genetics (TSI)","11",,"Frontiers Media",,,,,,,,"doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.00414",,,,,"TRUE",,"1664-8021",,,,,,"","https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.00414","","",,"HarvestPlus program of CGIAR","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,,,,
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