"10790","20","archive","1305",,,"disk0/00/01/07/90","2018-07-13 06:35:33","2018-07-13 07:03:07","2018-07-13 06:35:33","book_section",,,"show","Library-ICRISAT@CGIAR.ORG",,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,"Adiku","S G K","","","","","","","Diancoumba","M","","","","",,,,,"","",,,,,"","","University of Ghana (Accra)","Ghana","Climate Change Impacts on West African Agriculture: An Integrated Regional Assessment (CIWARA)","pub","570","","","restricted",,,"Climate Change Impacts, West African Agriculture, Integrated Regional Assessment, Farming System, Agricultural Production Systems,
Climate Change Adaptations, Senegal",,,"The West African Sub-Saharan region (Fig. 1) is home to some 300 million people,
with at least 60% engaged in agricultural activity. Climate change is now recognized
as a major constraint to development worldwide. While climate change primarily
relates to the future, historical trends give evidence of climate change already occurring.
Temperature increases of 1 to 1.5◦C have been observed over the last 30 years
in West Africa (EPA Ghana, 2001; IPCC, 2007) and there are projections of further
warming of the West African region in the foreseeable future (2040–2069; Fig. 2a).
The impact of climate change on West African rainfall is less clear. The analysis of
historical data over the last 30 years shows that, whereas some zones experienced
increased rainfall by as much as 20% to 40%, other locations experienced a decline
in annual rainfall by about 15%. Future projections suggest a drier western Sahel
(e.g., Senegal) but a wetter eastern Sahel (e.g., Mali, Niger; Fig. 2b). The southern
locations of WestAfrica (e.g., Ghana) are projected to experience no change or slight
increases in annual rainfall (Hulme et al., 2001).
Irrespective of whether these zones will be dryer or not, there is historical evidence
of shifts in rainfall patterns with extreme events (i.e., droughts and floods)
becoming more frequent (Adiku and Stone, 1995) and it is probable that this trend
may persist into the future...","2015-04","published","Series on Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation, and Mitigation",,,,"World Scientific Publishing",,"25-73","320",,,,,,,,,,"TRUE","978-1-78326-563-3","2045-0311","Handbook of Climate Change and Agroecosystems: The Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project Integrated Crop and Economic Assessments, Part 2","Hillel","D","","","","http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781783265640_0014","https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Climate+Change+Impacts+onWest+African+Agriculture%3A+An+Integrated+Regional+Assessment+%28CIWARA%29&btnG=","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,,,,
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"10790",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Amikuzuno","J","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Centre R´egional AGRHYMET (Niamey)","Spain",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"10790",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Traore","P C S","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Technical University of Madrid (Madrid)","Burkina Faso",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"10790",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Traore","S","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Centre de Coop´eration Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le D´eveloppement (Burkina Faso)","Senegal",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"10790",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Koomson","E","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (Ouagadougou)","USA",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"10790",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Agali","A","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"METEO (Mali)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"10790",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Lizaso","J I","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Agence Nationale de l’Aviation Civile et de la M´et´eorologie (Senegal)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"10790",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Fatondji","D","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Oregon State University (Corvallis)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"10790",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Adams","M","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"10790",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Tigana","L","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"10790",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Diarra","D Z","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"10790",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"N'diaye","O","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"10790",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Valdivia","R O","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,