?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Foar.icrisat.org%2F1078%2F&rft.title=Climate+Prediction+for+Sustainable+Production+of+Rainfed+Groundnuts+in+SAT+Crop+Establishment+Risks+in+the+Anantapur+Region&rft.creator=Virmani%2C+S+M&rft.creator=Shurapli%2C+J+N&rft.subject=Groundnut&rft.description=Groundnut+is+an+important+crop+around+the+globe+for+its+nutritional+and+trade+values.+As+a+result+of+diverse+farming+situations%2C+there+is+a+large+variation+in+the+productivity+levels+of+groundnut+around+the+world.+In+countries+such+as+USA+where+the+crop+is+grown+on+large+farms+with+assured+inputs%2C+productivity+levels+are+very+high+in+comparison+to+a+country+such+as+India+where+the+crop+is+traditionally+grown+by+small-holding+farmers%2C+on+less+fertile+soil%2C+in+rainfed+conditions%2C+with+low+inputs.+In+1998%2C+although+the+groundnut+area+in+China+was+about+half+of+that+in+India%2C+the+production+exceeded+that+of+India+by+nearly+10%25.+Groundnut+productivity+in+India+is+low+due+to+moisture+stress%2C+poor+soil+fertility%2C+pests+and+diseases%2C+and+low+inputs%2C+and+cultivation+of+the+crop+on+marginal+and+submarginal+lands.+Nearly+80%25+of+the+area+sown+to+groundnuts+in+India+is+rainfed+and+relies+entirely+on+summer+monsoon+rainfall.+The+rainfall+in+most+of+the+groundnut-growing+regions+is+low+and+erratic.+There+is+a+high+variability+in+the+onset+of+monsoons%2C+annual+rainfall%2C+and+distribution+of+rainfall+over+the+growing+season.+Moreover%2C+such+high+variability+in+precipitation+is+generally+associated+with+a+high+probability+of+an+early+season+drought.+Thus%2C+rainfed+agriculture+in+India+is+a+risky+proposition.+One+of+the+decision-making+problems+confronting+the+farmers+at+the+onset+of+the+cropping+season+is+choice+of+an+optimum+sowing+window.+With+the+above+in+view%2C+a+research+project+was+undertaken+at+ICRISAT+to+examine+the+trends+in+groundnut+production+in+India+over+the+past+few+decades+in+the+global+context%2C+characterize+the+groundnut+production+environment+of+the+Anantapur+region%2C+and+to+provide+a+first+approximation+%22decision+support+system%22+to+the+farmers+of+the+Anantapur+region+in+the+state+of+Andhra+Pradesh+and+thus+aid+them+in+deciding+an+optimum+%22time+window%22+for+sowing+the+groundnut+crop.+The+first+section+examines+the+trends+in+world+groundnut+area%2C+production%2C+and+productivity+from+1961+to+1998.+Similar+trends+for+China+and+India%2C+the+world's+leading+groundnut+producers%2C+are+also+analyzed.+As+an+example+of+precision+agriculture%2C+the+area+and+production+trends+in+USA+are+discussed.+The+second+section+takes+a+closer+look+at+the+groundnut+production+scenario+in+India.+In+the+third+section%2C+groundnut+production+environment+in+the+Anantapur+region+(the+target+benchmark+region+chosen+for+this+research+activity)+is+characterized%2C+and+constraints+to+sustainable+production+are+identified.+The+results+of+groundnut+yield+simulations+using+CROPGRO-Peanut+model+and+historical+weather+data+from+the+Anantapur+region+are+presented+in+the+fourth+section.+The+report+is+summarized+and+relevant+inferences+are+drawn+from+the+results+of+this+research+activity+in+the+fifth+section.+A+first+approximation+decision+support+system+for+choosing+an+optimum+%22time+window%22+for+sowing+the+crop+in+the+region+based+on+model+simulation+results+and+rainfall+probabilities+is+also+presented.+In+view+of+the+findings+of+the+project%2C+a+research+project+that+aims+to+enhance+and+sustain+groundnut+productivity+in+India+is+proposed+in+the+last+section.&rft.publisher=International+Crops+Research+Institute+for+the+Semi-Arid+Tropics&rft.date=1999&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Foar.icrisat.org%2F1078%2F1%2FRA_00347.pdf&rft.identifier=++Virmani%2C+S+M+and+Shurapli%2C+J+N++(1999)+Climate+Prediction+for+Sustainable+Production+of+Rainfed+Groundnuts+in+SAT+Crop+Establishment+Risks+in+the+Anantapur+Region.++Manual.+International+Crops+Research+Institute+for+the+Semi-Arid+Tropics.+++++