<mods:mods version="3.3" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-3.xsd" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><mods:titleInfo><mods:title>Characterization of low Ca2+ stress-induced embryo apoptosis response genes&#13;
and their regulation of embryo development</mods:title></mods:titleInfo><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">H</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Chen</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">C</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Zhang</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">T C</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Cai</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">Y</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Deng</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">S B</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Zhou</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">R K</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Varshney</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">W J</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Zhuang</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:abstract>Ca2+ deficiency in soil induces early embryo abortion in peanut,&#13;
producing empty pods, or ill-filled pods, especially under&#13;
drought condition, which is a general problem. However, the&#13;
underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, embryo&#13;
abortion was characterized to be caused by apoptosis marked&#13;
with cell wall degradation. Using a method of SSH cDNA libraries&#13;
associated with library lift (SSHaLL), 62 differentially&#13;
expressed genes were isolated from young peanut embryos,&#13;
which were classified to be stress responses, catabolic process,&#13;
carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, embryo morphogenesis,&#13;
and regulation. The cell retardation with cell wall&#13;
degradation was caused by up-regulated cell wall hydrolases&#13;
and down-regulated cellular synthases genes. Two CYP707A4&#13;
genes, encoding abscisic acid (ABA) 8’-hydroxylases, key enzymes&#13;
for ABA catabolism, were up-regulated by 21-fold under&#13;
Ca2+-deficient conditions, reducing the ABA level in early embryos.&#13;
Over-expression of AhCYP707A4 in Nicotiana benthamiana&#13;
showed a phenotype of low ABA content with high numbers&#13;
of aborted embryos, small pods and less seeds, which confirms&#13;
that CYP707A4 is a key player in regulation of Ca2+ deficiency-induced&#13;
embryo abortion via ABA-mediated apoptosis. The&#13;
results elucidated the mechanism of low Ca2+-induced embryo&#13;
abortion. A set of varieties with different sizes of pods were evaluated&#13;
for their tolerance to calcium stress, and we found that&#13;
big pod varieties showed less tolerance to low calcium and more&#13;
easy to produce ill-filled pods or empty pods. Drought will make&#13;
worse of the phenomenon. Soil supplied with rich calcium will&#13;
improve the pods filling and greatly reduce number of empty&#13;
pods. We conclude big-pod varieties easier to produce empty&#13;
pods are also associated with calcium level in the soil.</mods:abstract><mods:classification authority="lcc">Genetics and Genomics</mods:classification><mods:originInfo><mods:dateIssued encoding="iso8061">2017-02</mods:dateIssued></mods:originInfo><mods:genre>Conference or Workshop Item</mods:genre></mods:mods>