?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=ISE+006&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Foar.icrisat.org%2F1065%2F&rft.title=Assessment+of+the+Economic+Impact+of+Sorghum+Variety+S+35+in+Chad&rft.creator=Yapi%2C+A+M&rft.creator=Dehala%2C+G&rft.creator=Ngawar%2C+K&rft.creator=Issaka%2C+A&rft.subject=Sorghum&rft.subject=Agriculture-Farming%2C+Production%2C+Technology%2C+Economics&rft.description=The+S+35+sorghum+variety+is+a+nonphotoperiod-sensitive%2C+high-yielding%2C+ear+ly-matur+ing%2C+and+drought+-%0D%0Atolerant+pure+line+that+originated+from+ICRISAT'+s+breeding+program+in+India%2C+and+was+later+advanced%0D%0Aand+promoted+in+Cameroon+and+Chad.+Its+int+roduct+ion+into+drought+-prone+areas+of+Chad+has+been%0D%0Avery+successful+wi+t+h+a+net+present+value+of+research+investments+estimated+at+US%24+15+mi+l+l+ion%2C+representing%0D%0Aan+internal+rate+of+return+of+95%25.+Two+crucial+factors+explain+this+apparent+success%3A+(1)+germplasm%0D%0Aresearch+spillovers+from+ICRISAT+and+Cameroon's+breeding+programs+substantially+reduced+the+t+ime%0D%0Alag+in+S+35+research+and+development+in+Chad%3B+and+(2)+the+FAO%2FUNDP-suppor+ted+seed+project+at%0D%0AGassi+not+only+successfully+mul+t+ipl+ied+S+35+seed+on+a+large+scale%2C+but+also+dist+r+ibuted+it+to+farmers+by%0D%0Aadopt+ing+the+'mini-doses'+approach+and+involving+the+Office+national+de+developpement+rural+and%0D%0ANGOs+.%0D%0ASince+the+recommended+management+practices+for+S+35+adopt+ion+are+simple%2C+relatively+easy+to+implement%0D%0Awi+t+h+available+fami+ly+labor+and+animal+t+ract+ion%2C+and+are+not+capital+intensive%2C+the+technology+has%0D%0Afound+favor+wi+t+h+many+farmers.+Between+1990+and+1995%2C+the+percentage+of+adopting+farmers+grew+f+rom%0D%0A14%25+to+80%25.+In+1990%2C+7%25+of+the+total+sorghum+area+(13+000+ha)+was+sown+to+the+S+35+variety.+By+1995%2C%0D%0Athe+area+under+S+35+had+increased+to+27%25+(66+000+ha).+A+yield+advantage+of+about+5+1+%25+over+farmers'%0D%0Alocal+varieties+is+associated+wi+t+h+the+adopt+ion+of+S+35.%0D%0AThe+three+major+constraints+cited+by+farmers+-+susceptibility+of+the+variety+to+bi+r+d+attack%2C+the+high+cost+of%0D%0Aseed%2C+and+low+soil+fertility+-+should+assist+in+the+formulat+ion+of+future+research+priorities.&rft.publisher=International+Crops+Research+Institute+for+the+Semi-Arid+Tropics&rft.date=1999&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Foar.icrisat.org%2F1065%2F1%2FRA_00338.pdf&rft.identifier=++Yapi%2C+A+M+and+Dehala%2C+G+and+Ngawar%2C+K+and+Issaka%2C+A++(1999)+Assessment+of+the+Economic+Impact+of+Sorghum+Variety+S+35+in+Chad.++Documentation.+International+Crops+Research+Institute+for+the+Semi-Arid+Tropics%2C+Patancheru%2C+Hyderabad%2C+Andhra+Pradesh.+++++&rft.relation=ISE+006