Future ProspectsR KVarshneyauthorR KSaxenaauthorS AJacksonauthorPigeonpea with limited genetic diversity in the cultivated gene pool, long crop cycle, almost negligible public funding support to research as compared to other food crops remained an orphan crop. However, the development of extensive genetic stocks and genomics resources in recent years has made significant advances in pigeonpea research. Although genome sequence, genetic maps and a large set of markers allowed genome-wide identification of marker–traits associations and their deployment in breeding programs, there is a need for concerted community efforts to accelerate genetic gains in the crop breeding programs. This chapter proposes the use of a number of approaches that may be targeted by pigeonopea research community so that superior varieties or hybrids can be developed and disseminated to farmers in relatively short time. This will help to enhance the income of farmers as well as contributing to the food, nutritional and environmental sustainability in developing countries.Plant GeneticsPlant BreedingPigeonpeaGenetics and Genomics2017SpringerBook Section