TY  - JOUR
AV  - public
A1  - Rizal, G
A1  - Karki, S
A1  - Thakur, V
A1  - Wanchana, S
A1  - Alonso-Cantabrana, H
A1  - Dionora, J
A1  - Sheehy, J E
A1  - Furbank, R
A1  - von Caemmerer, S
A1  - Quick, W P
TI  - A sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) mutant with altered carbon isotope ratio
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179567
JF  - PLoS ONE
SN  - 1932-6203
PB  - Public Library of Science
N1  - The research on C4 rice is funded by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, UKAID (UK) and IRRI to Dr William Paul Quick, 
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and Dr Robert Furbank, Dr Susanne von Caemmerer, Australian National University (ANU). 
The authors acknowledge the technical support of the following members of C4 Rice Center at IRRI
Richard Garcia, Nikki Larazo, Reychelle Mogul for the cultivation of sorghum and management
of samples, Abraham Darius Llave for assisting bioinformatics team, Michael Alcasid for
crossing, Ronald Tapia and Menard de la Rosa for sampling, Joana Mari Salonga and Irma
Canicosa for gas exchange measurements, Abigail Mabilangan for microscopy, Kelvin Acebron
for staff management, and Melvin for shipping materials across continents. We also
acknowledge Hilary Stuart-Williams, Stable Isotopes Lab, Research School of Biology, Australian
National University, Canberra, Australia for technical assistance with the dry matter carbon
isotope composition analysis.
N2  - Recent efforts to engineer C4 photosynthetic traits into C3 plants such as rice demand an understanding of the genetic elements that enable C4 plants to outperform C3 plants. As a part of the C4 Rice Consortium?s efforts to identify genes needed to support C4 photosynthesis, EMS mutagenized sorghum populations were generated and screened to identify genes that cause a loss of C4 function. Stable carbon isotope ratio (?13C) of leaf dry matter has been used to distinguishspecies with C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways. Here, we report the identification of a sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) mutant with a low ?13C characteristic. A mutant (named Mut33) with a pale phenotype and stunted growth was identified from an EMS treated sorghum M2 population. The stable carbon isotope analysis of the mutants showed a decrease of 13C uptake capacity. The noise of random mutation was reduced by crossing the mutant and its wildtype (WT). The back-cross (BC1F1) progenies were like the WT parent in terms of 13C values and plant phenotypes. All the BC1F2 plants with low ?13C died before they produced their 6th leaf. Gas exchange measurements of the low ?13C sorghum mutants showed a higher CO2 compensation point (25.24 ?mol CO2.mol-1air) and the maximum rate of photosynthesis was less than 5?mol.m-2.s-1. To identify the genetic determinant of this trait, four DNA pools were isolated; two each from normal and low ?13C BC1F2 mutant plants. These were sequenced using an Illumina platform. Comparison of allele frequency of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between the pools with contrasting phenotype showed that a locus in Chromosome 10 between 57,941,104 and 59,985,708 bps had an allele frequency of 1. There were 211 mutations and 37 genes in the locus, out of which mutations in 9 genes showed non-synonymous changes. This finding is expected to contribute to future research on the identification of the causal factor differentiating C4 from C3 species that can be used in the transformation of C3 to C4 plants.
KW  - Carbon isotope ratios
KW  -  Sorghum mutant
KW  -  SNPs
KW  -  Sorghum
KW  -  Rice
Y1  - 2017/06/22/
SP  - 1
ID  - icrisat10097
EP  - 19
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
ER  -