eprintid: 10087
rev_number: 14
eprint_status: archive
userid: 1305
dir: disk0/00/01/00/87
datestamp: 2017-07-11 08:45:22
lastmod: 2017-07-11 08:45:22
status_changed: 2017-07-11 08:45:22
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
contact_email: Library-ICRISAT@CGIAR.ORG
creators_name: Falconnier, G N
creators_name: Descheemaeker, K
creators_name: Van Mourik, T A
creators_name: Adam, M
creators_name: Sogoba, B
creators_name: Giller, K E
icrisatcreators_name: Adam, M
affiliation: AGIR, Université de Toulouse (Castanet Tolosan)
affiliation: Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University (Wageningen)
affiliation: Helen Keller International, Africa Regional Office (Dakar)
affiliation: CIRAD (Montpellier)
affiliation: ICRISAT (Bamako)
affiliation: Association Malienne d’Eveil au Developpement Durable (AMEDD) (Koutiala)
country: France
country: Netherlands
country: Senegal
country: Mali
title: Co-learning cycles to support the design of innovative farm systems in southern Mali
ispublished: pub
subjects: II1
subjects: f1
subjects: s2.4
subjects: s28
subjects: s61
divisions: CRPS1
crps: crp1.1
full_text_status: restricted
keywords: Food self-sufficiency; Income; Ex ante trade-off analysis; Participatory research; Farm systems; Legume diversification; Innovative farm systems; Food self-sufficiency
note: Funding for this study was provided by the McKnight Foundation
through the project ‘Pathways to Agro-ecological Intensification of
Sorghum and Millet Cropping Systems of Southern Mali’ and by the
CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems. We thank all the farmers
of M’Peresso, Nampossela, Nitabougouro, N’Goukan, Finkoloni, Kani,
Karangasso, Koumbri and Try for their availability and willingness to
participate in the research process. We are grateful to the Association
Malienne d'Eveil au Développement Durable (AMEDD), Ousmane
Dembele, Michel Sagara, Bakary Dao, Moumine Toure, Abdoulaye
Dembele, Soungalo Bware and several trainees who assisted in data
collection. We thank the Institut d’Economie Rurale (IER), Ousmane
Sanogo, Salif Doumbia and N’Golo Coulibaly who assisted with the livestock
experiments. Thanks also to two reviewers for their detailed
comments that helped us to improve the manuscript.
abstract: Farm systems were re-designed together with farmers during three years (2013–2015) in Southern Mali with the aim to improve income without compromising food self-sufficiency. A cyclical learning model with three steps was used: Step 1 was the co-design of a set of crop/livestock technical options, Step 2 the on-farm testing and appraisal of these options and Step 3 a participatory ex-ante analysis of re-designed farm systems incorporating the tested options. Two iterations of the cycle were performed, in order to incorporate farmers’ point of view and researchers’ learning. We worked together with 132 farmers representing four farm types: High Resource Endowed with Large Herd (HRE-LH); High Resource Endowed (HRE); Medium Resource Endowed (MRE) and Low Resource Endowed (LRE) farms. In the first cycle of 2012–2014 farmers re-designed their farms and the reconfigurations were assessed ex ante using the average yields and gross margins obtained in the 2013 on-farm trials. HRE-LH farmers experienced a disappointing decrease in food self-sufficiency and MRE farmers were disappointed by the marginal improvement in gross margin. In a second cycle in 2014–2015, farmer insights gathered during field days and statistical analysis of trial results allowed a better understanding of the variability of option performance and the link with farm context: niches were identified within the farms (soil type/previous crop combinations) where options performed better. The farm systems were re-designed using this niche-specific information on yield and gross margin, which solved the concerns voiced by farmers during the first cycle. Without compromising food self-sufficiency, maize/cowpea intercropping in the right niche combined with stall feeding increased HRE-LH and HRE farm gross margin by 20–26% respectively (i.e. 690 and 545 US$ year−1) with respect to the current farm system. Replacement of sorghum by soyabean (or cowpea) increased MRE and LRE farm gross margin by 29 and 9% respectively (i.e. 545 and 32 US$ year−1). Farmers highlighted the saliency of the niches and the re-designed farm system, and indicated that the extra income could be re-invested in the farm. Our study demonstrates the feasibility and the usefulness of a cyclical and adaptive combination of participatory approaches, on-farm trials and ex-ante analysis to foster learning by farmers and researchers, allowing an agile reorientation of project actions and the generation of innovative farm systems that improve farm income without compromising food self-sufficiency. The re-designed farm systems based on simple, reproducible guidelines such as farm type, previous crop and soil type can be scaled-out by extension workers and guide priority setting in (agricultural) policies and institutional development.
date: 2017-06
date_type: published
publication: European Journal of Agronomy
volume: 89
publisher: Elsevier
pagerange: 61-74
id_number: 10.1016/j.eja.2017.06.008
refereed: TRUE
issn: 11610301
official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2017.06.008
related_url_url: https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?hl=en&q=Co-learning+cycles+to+support+the+design+of+innovative+farm+systems+in+southern+Mali&btnG=
related_url_type: pub
funders: McKnight Foundation & CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems
projects: Pathways to Agro-ecological Intensification of Sorghum and Millet Cropping Systems of Southern Mali
citation:   Falconnier, G N and Descheemaeker, K and Van Mourik, T A and Adam, M and Sogoba, B and Giller, K E  (2017) Co-learning cycles to support the design of innovative farm systems in southern Mali.  European Journal of Agronomy, 89.  pp. 61-74.  ISSN 11610301     
document_url: http://oar.icrisat.org/10087/1/J.eja.2017.06.008.pdf