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        <dc:title>Targeting resilience and profitability in African smallholder agriculture: Insights from ICRISAT-led research programs</dc:title>
        <dc:creator>Mausch, K</dc:creator>
        <dc:creator>Orr, A</dc:creator>
        <dc:creator>Miller, B P</dc:creator>
        <dc:subject>Impact Assessment</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>Smallholder Agriculture</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>Agricultural Research</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>African Agriculture</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>Africa</dc:subject>
        <dc:description>We reviewed the strategy for Agricultural Research for Development (AR4D) adopted by the&#13;
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). The objective was to&#13;
examine ICRISAT’s research strategy related to the twin challenges of resilience and profitability in&#13;
developing technologies aimed at improving the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in the drylands&#13;
of Africa. To do this, we examined the expected impact on resilience and profitability of its present&#13;
program and the realized impact of ICRISAT’s previous research. We argue that the current CGIAR&#13;
Research Programs led by ICRISAT envisage separate product lines for resilience and profitability,&#13;
targeted at two groups, i.e., subsistence- and market-oriented smallholders. This approach, expected&#13;
to make technology more appropriate for farmers’ needs, risks overlooking the interconnectedness&#13;
of the two targets if they are too rigorously separated. Although our review of ICRISAT’s previous&#13;
research program suggests that success stories have taken numerous forms—some increasing resilience,&#13;
others profitability—our review also suggests that it is possible to develop win–win technologies&#13;
that improve both targets. Finding ways to replicate win–win technologies will require that ICRISAT&#13;
tests the resulting technologies and their implementation in specific contexts to improve and replace&#13;
them as the research programs evolve.</dc:description>
        <dc:publisher>NRC Research Press</dc:publisher>
        <dc:date>2017</dc:date>
        <dc:type>Article</dc:type>
        <dc:type>PeerReviewed</dc:type>
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        <dc:language>en</dc:language>
        <dc:identifier>http://oar.icrisat.org/10080/1/Targeting%20resilience%20and%20profitability.pdf</dc:identifier>
        <dc:identifier>  Mausch, K and Orr, A and Miller, B P  (2017) Targeting resilience and profitability in African smallholder agriculture: Insights from ICRISAT-led research programs.  Facets, 2 (1).  pp. 545-558.  ISSN 23711671     </dc:identifier>
        <dc:relation>http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2017-0029</dc:relation>
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