Agronomic improvements can make future cereal systems in South Asia far more productive and result in a lower environmental footprint

Ladha, J K and Rao, A N and Raman, A and Padre, A T and Dobermann, A and Gathala, M and Kumar, V and Sharawat, Y S and Sharma, S and Piepho, H P and Alam, M M and Liak, R and Rajendran, R and Reddy, C K and Parsad, R and Sharma, P C and Singh, S S and Saha, A and Noor, S (2015) Agronomic improvements can make future cereal systems in South Asia far more productive and result in a lower environmental footprint. Global Change Biology. 01-21. ISSN 1354-1013

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Abstract

South Asian countries will have to double their food production by 2050 while using resources more efficiently and minimizing environmental problems. Transformative management approaches and technology solutions will be required in the major grain-producing areas that provide the basis for future food and nutrition security. This study was conducted in four locations representing major food production systems of densely populated regions of South Asia. Novel production-scale research platforms were established to assess and optimize three futuristic cropping systems and management scenarios (S2, S3, S4) in comparison with current management (S1). With best agronomic management practices (BMPs), including conservation agriculture (CA) and cropping system diversification, the productivity of rice- and wheat-based cropping systems of South Asia increased substantially whereas the global warming potential intensity decreased. Positive economic returns and less use of water, labor, nitrogen, and fossil fuel energy per unit food produced were achieved. In comparison to S1, S4, in which BMPs, CA and crop diversification were implemented in the most integrated manner, achieved 54% higher grain energy yield with a 104% increase in economic returns, 35% lower total water input, and a 43% lower global warming potential intensity. Conservation agriculture practices were most suitable for intensifying as well as diversifying wheat-rice rotations, but less so for rice-rice systems. This finding also highlights the need for characterizing areas suitable for CA and subsequent technology targeting. A comprehensive baseline dataset generated in the present study will allow the prediction of extending benefits to a larger scale.

Item Type:	Article
Divisions:	RP-Resilient Dryland Systems
CRP:	CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Agronomic Improvements, Cereals,South Asia, Environmental Aspects, Food Production, Agronomic Management Practices, Best Management Practices, Cereal Productivity, Cereals Systems, Conservation Agriculture, Crop Diversification, Global Warming Potential, Rice-based Cropping System
Subjects:	Others > Agriculture-Farming, Production, Technology, Economics Others > Climate Change
Depositing User:	Mr Ramesh K
Date Deposited:	29 Dec 2015 09:32
Last Modified:	31 Aug 2016 08:12
URI:	http://oar.icrisat.org/id/eprint/9205
Official URL:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13143
Projects:	UNSPECIFIED
Funders:	UNSPECIFIED
Acknowledgement:	UNSPECIFIED
Links:	Google Scholar

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