Adaptation of grain legumes to climate change: a review

Vadez, V and Ratnakumar, P and Gaur, P M and Sharma, H C and Pande, S and Sharma, M and Suresh, P and Krishnamurthy, L and Zaman, M A and et.al., .. (2011) Adaptation of grain legumes to climate change: a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 32 (1). pp. 31-44. ISSN 1773-0155

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Abstract

Humanity is heading toward the major challenge of having to increase food production by about 50% by 2050 to cater for an additional three billion inhabitants, in a context of arable land shrinking and degradation, nutrient deficiencies, increased water scarcity, and uncertainty due to predicted climatic changes. Already today, water scarcity is probably the most important challenge, and the consensual prediction of a 2–4°C degree increase in temperature over the next 100 years will add new complexity to drought research and legume crop management. This will be especially true in the semi-arid tropic areas, where the evaporative demand is high and where the increased temperature may further strain plant–water relations. Hence, research on how plants manage water use, in particular, on leaf/root resistance to water flow will be increasingly important. Temperature increase will variably accelerate the onset of flowering by increasing thermal time accumulation in our varieties, depending on their relative responses to day length, ambient, and vernalizing temperature, while reducing the length of the growing period by increasing evapotranspiration. While the timeframe for these changes (>10–20 years) may be well in the realm of plant adaptation within breeding programs, there is a need for today’s breeding to understand the key mechanisms underlying crop phenology at a genotype level to better balance crop duration with available soil water and maximize light capture. This will then be used to re-fit phenology to new growing seasons under climate change conditions. The low water use efficiency, i.e., the amount of biomass or grain produced per unit of water used, under high vapor pressure deficit, although partly offset by an increased atmospheric CO2 concentration, would also require the search of germplasm capable of maintaining high water use efficiency under such conditions. Recent research has shown an interdependence of C and N nutrition in the N performance of legumes, a balance that may be altered under climate change. Ecophysiological models will be crucial in identifying genotypes adapted to these new growing conditions. An increased frequency of heat waves, which already happen today, will require the development of varieties capable of setting and filling seeds at high temperature. Finally, increases in temperature and CO2 will affect the geographical distribution of pests, diseases, and weeds, presenting new challenges to crop management and breeding programs.

Item Type:	Article
Divisions:	UNSPECIFIED
CRP:	UNSPECIFIED
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Climate change – Drought – Temperature increase – Vapor pressure deficit – Crop phenology – C/N balance – Simulation modeling – Climate variability – Pests – Disease
Subjects:	Others > Climate Change
Depositing User:	Mr Siva Shankar
Date Deposited:	13 Feb 2012 08:42
Last Modified:	21 Aug 2013 08:56
URI:	http://oar.icrisat.org/id/eprint/5448
Official URL:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0020-6
Projects:	UNSPECIFIED
Funders:	UNSPECIFIED
Acknowledgement:	The senior author is thankful to the organizing committee of the IFLRC-AEP conference (Antalya, Turkey, 25–30 April 2010) for the invitation to organize a workshop at the conference on these issues, to Dr. Fred Stoddard and Kevin McPhee for chairing that workshop, and to peer reviewers for critical comments on the manuscript.
Links:	Author

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