Behera, P P and Deshmukh, D B and Vemula, A K and Kiranmayee, B and Bagudam, R and Mathew, A and Purohit, A and Vishnumolakala, A and Wankhade, A P and Kounain, S and Nehru, G and Variath, M T and Kurva, M and Potupureddi, G and Muragesan, S and Raman, A and Janila, P (2025) Realized genetic gain for yield and yield attributes in groundnut breeding at ICRISAT from an ERA trial. Frontiers in Plant Science (TSI), 16. 01-18. ISSN 1664-462X
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Abstract
Introduction: Groundnut or peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and oilseed crop with a global production of >50 m t from ~34 m ha. The ICRISAT groundnut breeding program, established in 1976, has significantly contributed to varietal development, resulting in the release of >240 varieties in 39 countries. Estimating realized genetic gain (RGG) in a breeding program helps to measure the progress made for agronomic traits and identify gaps to guide the breeding strategy. Materials and methods: This study was conducted to estimate realized genetic gain using an Elite Replicated Agronomic (ERA) trial, with five ERA trials representing three product concepts across market types and maturity durations. These trials included improved germplasm developed over a span of 15–20 years at ICRISAT and were evaluated for three key traits: pod yield (PY), 100 seed weight (HSW), and shelling outturn (SP). Results and discussion: Among these, PY and HSW exhibited high repeatability and genetic advance as the percentage of mean, whereas SP showed lower values. Realized genetic gain varied from 8.37 kg ha-¹ year−1 (0.48%) to 54.85 kg ha-¹ year−1 (3.91%) for PY. The Spanish Bunch germplasm recorded a higher realized GG of 46.45 kg ha-¹ year−1 (2.95%) for pod yield, compared to the Virginia Bunch germplasm with a marginal gain of 5.97 kg ha-¹ year−1 (0.23%). Higher RGG is realized in medium-duration and late-maturing germplasm with 27.1 kg ha-¹ year−1 (1.62%) and 25.32 kg ha-¹ year−1 (1.52%), respectively, while realized GG in early-maturing germplasm was 8.37 kg ha-¹ year−1 (0.5%). Among the traits, RGG was the highest for PY across all the trials. Higher RGG for PY and HSW was observed during the rainy season as compared to the post-rainy season, while SP showed a decline. This study helps breeders to optimize selection methods and design breeding strategies to enhance realized genetic gain for SP across two market types and three maturity durations. The study suggests a need for breeding strategies to enhance the rate of RGG for PY in early-maturing germplasm.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Divisions: | Global Research Program - Accelerated Crop Improvement |
| CRP: | CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals (GLDC) |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | ERA trials, groundnut, realized genetic gain, pod yield, shelling outturn percentage, hundred kernel weight |
| Subjects: | Others > Plant Breeding Others > Crop Yield Mandate crops > Groundnut Others > Genetics and Genomics |
| Depositing User: | Mr Nagaraju T |
| Date Deposited: | 26 Sep 2025 04:34 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Sep 2025 04:34 |
| URI: | http://oar.icrisat.org/id/eprint/13344 |
| Official URL: | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science... |
| Projects: | UNSPECIFIED |
| Funders: | OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID), Austria |
| Acknowledgement: | The authors are grateful to the groundnut breeding team for generating the ERA trials data and to the DMAS team for helping in analyzing the ERA trials data. |
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