Radheshyam, - and Jat, S L and Singh, A K and Jat, H S and Sharma, D K and Meena, M C and Gawdiya, S and Kumar, Anup and Kumar, Rakesh and Singh, Rajbir and Jat, M L (2024) Conservation Agriculture offers system optimization for legume intensification: An on-farm study of western Indo-Gangetic Plains. Field Crops Research (TSI), 321. ISSN 0378-4290
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Context The crop production in Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) facing serious challenges of decaling factor productivity under changing climatic scenarios with shrinking water resources driving future food insecurity. Objective To develop sustainable intensification model for future sustainability in the food basket of India’s IGP by identifying of suitable options for legume integration through system optimization practices (SOP) in rice-wheat and diversified cropping systems having higher productivity, profitability and environmental security. Method The field experiments were conducted at the four locations of the farmer’s field in Karnal, Haryana, India. We evaluated SOP of mungbean under zero tillage (ZT) with residue recycling and improved management practices integrated in CTR-WMb (conventional till rice-ZT wheat-mungbean), DSR-WMb (direct seeded rice-ZT wheat-mungbean) and triple ZT (raised bed) based diversified SOP of MWMb (maize-wheat-mungbean), MMuMb (maize-mustard-mungbean) and SWMb (soybean-wheat-mungbean). Results and conclusion The on-farm study revealed that the mungbean inclusion with diversified SOP had significantly lesser water use by 51 ha-mm with enhanced partial factor productivity of total nitrogen and phosphorus (NP) applied by 14–29 % over DSR-WMb. However, the global warming potential (GWP) reduced by 60 kg CO2 eql/ha with diversified SOP over CTR-WMb. Similarly, the non-renewable energy use was reduced by ∼1200 MJ/ha with significantly increased net energy output and non-renewable energy use efficiency (EUE) by 137–203 and 27–38 %, respectively with diversified SOP over DSR-WMb. Additionally, the mungbean grain yield increased by 13 % in CTR-WMb, while the grain yield increased by 15–30 % in diversified SOP over DSR-WMb. The net returns increased by 40 USD/ha in CTR-WMb, while it significantly increased by 80–164 USD/ha in diversified SOP over DSR-WMb. However, the significantly lowest yield attributes and yield, net returns, resources use efficiency (water, nutrients and non-renewable energy) and eco-efficiency were recorded with DSR-WMb. Therefore, the mungbean inclusion in DSR-WMb was not found to be a feasible option compared to CTR-WMb and thus later can be scaled up in the existing rice-wheat system. Moreover, the mungbean inclusion with diversified SOP (MWMb/MMuMb/SWM) under ZT and residue retention produces more food with efficient use of recourses (water, nutrients and energy) for more (population) to ensure nutritional food security and environmental sustainability in western Indo-Gangetic Plains and similar agro-ecologies. Significance This on-farm study provides sustainable intensification options for legume integration through system optimization practices (SOP) within the rice-wheat and diversified cropping systems to enhance system productivity and nutritional food security, improves net returns and restore soil fertility in food basket of India’s Indo-Gangetic Plain.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Divisions: | Global Research Program - Resilient Farm and Food Systems |
| CRP: | UNSPECIFIED |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | conservation agriculture, western Indo-Gangetic Plains, legume intensification |
| Subjects: | Others > Legume Crops |
| Depositing User: | Mr Nagaraju T |
| Date Deposited: | 13 May 2025 11:07 |
| Last Modified: | 13 May 2025 11:07 |
| URI: | http://oar.icrisat.org/id/eprint/13072 |
| Official URL: | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... |
| Projects: | UNSPECIFIED |
| Funders: | UNSPECIFIED |
| Acknowledgement: | The author thankfully acknowledges the CIMMYT Academy and its Karnal staff for providing all logistic support and funding in this study. Also, thanks to the farmers for their active participation and for providing fields for this study... |
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