Bomireddy, D and Sharma, V and Senthil, R and Reddisekhar, M and Shah, P and Singh, K and Reddy, D M and Sudhakar, P and Reddy, B V B and Pandey, M K (2024) Identification of Donors for Fresh Seed Dormancy and Marker Validation in a Diverse Groundnut Mini-Core Collection. Agronomy (TSI), 14 (1). pp. 1-11. ISSN 2073-4395
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Abstract
Domestication and extensive selection in the development of modern, high-yielding commercial groundnut cultivars have resulted in the selection of an undesirable trait known as in situ germination, which is also referred to as the pre-harvest sprouting of seeds. This is particularly prevalent in regions where humid weather coincides with the harvest season. Delayed harvesting and pre-sprouting can cause production losses and increase the chances of aflatoxin contamination, thereby impeding the quality and kernel yield. Breeding early maturing groundnut cultivars with 2–3 weeks of fresh seed dormancy, particularly in Spanish-type cultivars, enhances the sustainability of agriculture. In this context, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of a groundnut mini-core collection, a major resource for genetic diversity, for fresh seed dormancy using an in vitro germination assay for two seasons, viz., rainy 2022 and post-rainy 2022–2023 at ICRISAT (Hyderabad). To enhance the effectiveness and accuracy of traditional breeding methods via the use of markers for marker-assisted selection, we performed molecular screening of the mini-core accessions using two allele-specific markers. The GMFSD1 marker was successfully validated by effectively differentiating dormant and non-dormant genotypes. By employing phenotypic and marker data, we identified a set of accessions, viz., ICG 5827 (Virginia Runner), ICG 11457 (Virginia Runner), ICG 7000 (Virginia Bunch), and ICG 11322 (Virginia Bunch) of sub spp. hypogaea var. hypogaea and ICG 9809 (Spanish Bunch) of sub spp. fastigiata var. vulgaris that exhibited a fresh seed dormancy period ranging from 2 to 3 weeks. These identified accessions hold potential as donors in breeding programs that are designed to address the groundnut production needs in various cropping systems across different countries. The validated marker, particularly GMFSD1, demonstrated considerable potential for facilitating faster breeding of groundnut cultivars with the desired dormancy using marker-assisted selection. This research provides a foundation to expediting groundnut breeding programs and offers opportunities to mitigate pre-harvest sprouting, ultimately improving seed quality and productivity in groundnut-producing regions.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Divisions: | Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology Genebank |
| CRP: | UNSPECIFIED |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | fresh seed dormancy, in vitro germination, mini-core, pre-harvest sprouting, validation |
| Subjects: | Mandate crops > Groundnut Others > Gene Bank |
| Depositing User: | Mr Nagaraju T |
| Date Deposited: | 31 May 2024 09:40 |
| Last Modified: | 31 May 2024 09:40 |
| URI: | http://oar.icrisat.org/id/eprint/12688 |
| Official URL: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/1/112 |
| Projects: | Indo-UK (Newton-Bhabha) project, Tropical Legumes III project |
| Funders: | Government of India - Department of Biotechnology, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), USA |
| Acknowledgement: | Deekshitha Bomireddy acknowledges Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University for collaborating with ICRISAT and the opportunity given as a PhD student to pursue this investigation at ICRISAT. |
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