Genetic diversity analysis of East African sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) germplasm collections for agronomic and nutritional quality traits

Andiku, C and Shimelis, H and Shayanowako, A I T and Gangashetty, P I and Manyasa, E (2022) Genetic diversity analysis of East African sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) germplasm collections for agronomic and nutritional quality traits. Heliyon (TSI), 8 (6). pp. 1-16. ISSN 2405-8440

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Abstract

Breeding for climate-resilient, high-yielding, and nutrient-rich sorghum cultivars is essential for sustainable food systems and enhanced livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the genetic diversity among East African sorghum germplasm collections through agronomic and nutritional quality traits to select promising lines for direct production or breeding. A collection of 348 sorghum germplasm was field evaluated at two locations in Uganda using an augmented design, and grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents were profiled. Data were collected on 20 sorghum agro-morphological traits and Fe and Zn compositions. A significant (P < 0.05) variation was detected amongst the test genotypes for all the assessed traits, suggesting the presence of sufficient genetic diversity for selection. High heritability (H2 > 0.60) and genetic advance as percent of the mean (GA >20%) were computed for grain yield, Zn content, and selected agronomic traits, ensuring genetic gains through selection. A significant positive correlation was recorded between Fe and Zn concentrations (r ¼ 0.32, P < 0.001), allowing simultaneous selection for the two nutrient compositions. Cluster analysis based on phenotypic traits resolved the test sorghum genotypes into four distinct genetic groups. Six genotypes with superior agronomic traits and high Fe and Zn contents were identified for production or potential parents for quality breeding. Overall, the current study found considerable genetic variation among East African sorghum germplasm collections for strategic conservation and breeding in Uganda or similar agro-ecologies.

Item Type:	Article
Divisions:	Research Program : East & Southern Africa Research Program : West & Central Africa
CRP:	UNSPECIFIED
Uncontrolled Keywords:	East Africa, Genetic diversity, Qualitative and quantitative traits, Quality breeding, Sorghum bicolor
Subjects:	Mandate crops > Sorghum Others > Genetics and Genomics Others > East Africa
Depositing User:	Mr Nagaraju T
Date Deposited:	17 Jan 2024 10:25
Last Modified:	17 Jan 2024 10:25
URI:	http://oar.icrisat.org/id/eprint/12378
Official URL:	https://www.cell.com/heliyon/pdf/S2405-8440(22)009...
Projects:	UNSPECIFIED
Funders:	Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Acknowledgement:	UNSPECIFIED
Links:	Google Scholar

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