Unraveling Origin, History, Genetics, and Strategies for Accelerated Domestication and Diversification of Food Legumes

Ambika, - and Aski, M S and Gayacharan, - and Hamwieh, A and Talukdar, A and Gupta, A K and Sharma, B B and Joshi, R and Upadhyaya, H D and Singh, K and Kumar, R (2022) Unraveling Origin, History, Genetics, and Strategies for Accelerated Domestication and Diversification of Food Legumes. Frontiers in Genetics (TSI), 13. pp. 1-21. ISSN 1664-8021

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Abstract

Domestication is a dynamic and ongoing process of transforming wild species into cultivated species by selecting desirable agricultural plant features to meet human needs such as taste, yield, storage, and cultivation practices. Human plant domestication began in the Fertile Crescent around 12,000 years ago and spread throughout the world, including China, Mesoamerica, the Andes and Near Oceania, Sub-Saharan Africa, and eastern North America. Indus valley civilizations have played a great role in the domestication of grain legumes. Crops, such as pigeon pea, black gram, green gram, lablab bean, moth bean, and horse gram, originated in the Indian subcontinent, and Neolithic archaeological records indicate that these crops were first domesticated by early civilizations in the region. The domestication and evolution of wild ancestors into today’s elite cultivars are important contributors to global food supply and agricultural crop improvement. In addition, food legumes contribute to food security by protecting human health and minimize climate change impacts. During the domestication process, legume crop species have undergone a severe genetic diversity loss, and only a very narrow range of variability is retained in the cultivars. Further reduction in genetic diversity occurred during seed dispersal and movement across the continents. In general, only a few traits, such as shattering resistance, seed dormancy loss, stem growth behavior, flowering–maturity period, and yield traits, have prominence in the domestication process across the species. Thus, identification and knowledge of domestication responsive loci were often useful in accelerating new species’ domestication. The genes and metabolic pathways responsible for the significant alterations that occurred as an outcome of domestication might aid in the quick domestication of novel crops. Further, recent advances in “omics” sciences, gene-editing technologies, and functional analysis will accelerate the domestication and crop improvement of new crop species without losing much genetic diversity. In this review, we have discussed about the origin, center of diversity, and seed movement of major food legumes, which will be useful in the exploration and utilization of genetic diversity in crop improvement. Further, we have discussed about the major genes/QTLs associated with the domestication syndrome in pulse crops and the future strategies to improve the food legume crops.

Item Type:	Article
Divisions:	Genebank
CRP:	UNSPECIFIED
Uncontrolled Keywords:	evolution, divergence, diversification, domestication, domestication syndrome, pulse crop
Subjects:	Others > Food Legumes Others > Germplasm
Depositing User:	Mr Nagaraju T
Date Deposited:	12 Jan 2024 04:28
Last Modified:	12 Jan 2024 04:28
URI:	http://oar.icrisat.org/id/eprint/12356
Official URL:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene...
Projects:	UNSPECIFIED
Funders:	UNSPECIFIED
Acknowledgement:	RK acknowledges the DST-SERB, New Delhi, India for awarding the project CRG2019006273. The authors gratefully acknowledge the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India; ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India; UAS, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka; DBT-National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi; The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) Egypt; The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, India; and University of Georgia, USA, for providing necessary support for the study.
Links:	Google Scholar

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