Evaluation of Fungicides and Fungicide Application Methods to Manage Phytophthora Blight of Pigeonpea

Sharma, M and Ramanagouda, G and Tarafdar, A (2023) Evaluation of Fungicides and Fungicide Application Methods to Manage Phytophthora Blight of Pigeonpea. Agriculture (TSI), 13 (3). pp. 1-15. ISSN 2077-0472

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Abstract

Phytophthora, a blight of pigeonpea caused by Phytophthora cajani, has been significantly increasing in major pigeonpea production regions of India. Limited information on infection with this pathogen and its epidemiology, as well as a lack of adequate resistant cultivars, is hampering the management of Phytophthora blight significantly. Therefore, five fungicides, viz., metiram + dimethomorph, cymoxanil + mancozeb, famoxadone + cymoxanil, mancozeb, and metalaxyl-M + mancozeb, were evaluated against P. cajani under control conditions to control zoospore induction, as well as the infection of zoospores, at the seedling stage. The half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of fungicides for mycelial inhibition was calculated. The lowest EC50 was recorded in metiram + dimethomorph (0.17 µg/mL), followed by the metalaxyl-M + mancozeb (2.49 µg/mL) and cymoxanil + mancozeb (8.23 µg/mL) fungicides. The formation of the sporangium and zoospores was most significantly affected by metalaxyl-M + mancozeb, followed by metiram + dimethomorph and cymoxanil + mancozeb, in terms of sporangia viability and zoospore germination and encystment. Further, under glasshouse conditions, different fungicide application methods (e.g., seed-treatment; soil-drench; foliar-spray, either singly or in combinations) were evaluated with fungicides on susceptible (ICP 7119) moderately resistant pigeonpea (ICPL 99010, ICPL 20135 and ICPL 99048) cultivars. The seed-treatment + soil-drench, soil-drench + foliar-spray, and soildrench of fungicide application methods were found to be effective in controlling the Phytophthora blight, at p < 0.001. A combination of the seed-treatment + soil-drench and soil-drench + foliar-spray methods, using metalaxyl-M + mancozeb or metiram + dimethomorph fungicides on moderately resistant cultivars (ICPL 99010), has a synergistic effect on the ability to control the Phytophthora blight at the seedling stage.

Item Type:	Article
Divisions:	Research Program : Asia
CRP:	UNSPECIFIED
Uncontrolled Keywords:	pigeonpea, Phytophthora cajani, sporangia, zoospores, fungicides
Subjects:	Mandate crops > Pigeonpea Others > Plant Pathology
Depositing User:	Mr Nagaraju T
Date Deposited:	27 Oct 2023 03:42
Last Modified:	27 Oct 2023 03:42
URI:	http://oar.icrisat.org/id/eprint/12250
Official URL:	https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/3/633
Projects:	Addressing Phytophthora blight of pigeonpea: as emerging disease treat to pigeonpea, Center of Excellence on Climate Change Research for Plant Protection (CoE-CCRPP): Pest and disease management for climate change adaptation
Funders:	National Food Security Mission (NFSM) government of India, Department of Science and Technology, Climate Change Program, government of India
Acknowledgement:	The authors are thankful to Bal Krishna and K. Ramulu, Legume Pathology, ICRISAT, Patancheru, India for technical assistance
Links:	Google Scholar

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